Maciel-Fiuza Miriãn Ferrão, Muller Guilherme Cerutti, Campos Daniel Marques Stuart, do Socorro Silva Costa Perpétua, Peruzzo Juliano, Bonamigo Renan Rangel, Veit Tiago, Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz
Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 27;14:1098386. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098386. eCollection 2023.
Thousands of microorganisms compose the human gut microbiota, fighting pathogens in infectious diseases and inhibiting or inducing inflammation in different immunological contexts. The gut microbiome is a dynamic and complex ecosystem that helps in the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of epithelial and immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Disorders that cause alteration of this microbiota lead to an imbalance in the host's immune regulation. Growing evidence supports that the gut microbial community is associated with the development and progression of different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the interaction between intestinal microbiota and the modulation of the host's immune system is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms involved in different pathologies, as well as for the search of new treatments. Here we review the main gut bacteria capable of impacting the immune response in different pathologies and we discuss the mechanisms by which this interaction between the immune system and the microbiota can alter disease outcomes.
数以千计的微生物构成了人类肠道微生物群，在传染病中对抗病原体，并在不同的免疫环境中抑制或引发炎症。肠道微生物组是一个动态且复杂的生态系统，有助于上皮细胞和免疫细胞的增殖、生长和分化，以维持肠道内环境稳定。导致这种微生物群改变的疾病会导致宿主免疫调节失衡。越来越多的证据支持肠道微生物群落与不同传染病和炎症性疾病的发生发展有关。因此，了解肠道微生物群与宿主免疫系统调节之间的相互作用，对于理解不同病理过程所涉及的机制以及寻找新的治疗方法至关重要。在此，我们综述了能够在不同病理情况下影响免疫反应的主要肠道细菌，并讨论了免疫系统与微生物群之间这种相互作用改变疾病结局的机制。
