Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 77845, College Station, TX, USA.
Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 78801, Uvalde, TX, USA.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2023 Apr;89(3-4):447-460. doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00780-9. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
The cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is the most economically important tick worldwide. Infestations with this tick can lead to direct damage and cattle mortality due to the transmission of potentially deadly pathogens. Management of this tick species has been focused on the use of synthetical acaricides; however, the emergence of acaricide resistance to single or multiple active ingredients has resulted in a need for novel acaricide compounds. Among potential avenues for the discovery of novel acaricides are plant-derived compounds. The efficacy of five organic compounds (nootkatone, Stop the Bites®, BioUD®, lavender oil, and cedarwood oil) was evaluated using larval immersion tests (LITs), repellency assays, and adult immersion tests (AITs). The results from the LITs indicate that three of the organic compounds (NootkaShield™, Stop the Bites, BioUD) led to significant mortalities at low concentrations (0.2, 0.02, and 0.08%, respectively). By comparison, lavender and cedar oil led to around 90% mortality at 10 and 1% concentrations, respectively. Similarly, NootkaShield, Stop the Bites, and BioUD had strong repellent properties with over 90% repellency at the two highest concentrations tested. Using the FAO 2004 guidelines, we evaluated the effectiveness of these organic compounds at reducing the fecundity of R. (B.) microplus and show that Nootkatone, Stop the Bites, and BioUD may significantly decrease tick populations (Drummond's index > 90% at concentrations of 5%), highlighting their potential as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for the control of cattle fever ticks.
牛热蜱,也称美蜱(Boophilus)微足蜱,是全球最重要的经济意义上的蜱种。这种蜱的寄生会导致直接损害和牛的死亡,因为它会传播潜在致命的病原体。对这种蜱的管理一直集中在使用合成杀蜱剂上;然而,由于单一或多种活性成分的杀蜱剂耐药性的出现,导致需要新型杀蜱剂化合物。在发现新型杀蜱剂化合物的潜在途径中,植物源化合物是一种方法。使用幼虫浸浴试验(LITs)、驱避试验和成虫浸浴试验(AITs)评估了五种有机化合物(诺卡酮、Stop the Bites®、BioUD®、薰衣草油和雪松油)的功效。LITs 的结果表明,三种有机化合物(NootkaShield™、Stop the Bites、BioUD)在低浓度(分别为 0.2%、0.02%和 0.08%)下导致了显著的死亡率。相比之下,薰衣草油和雪松油在 10%和 1%浓度下分别导致约 90%的死亡率。同样,NootkaShield、Stop the Bites 和 BioUD 具有很强的驱避特性,在测试的两个最高浓度下,驱避率超过 90%。根据粮农组织 2004 年的指南,我们评估了这些有机化合物在降低 R.(B.)微足蜱繁殖力方面的有效性,并表明诺卡酮、Stop the Bites 和 BioUD 可能显著降低蜱的数量(在 5%的浓度下,Drummond 指数>90%),这突显了它们作为替代合成杀蜱剂控制牛热蜱的潜力。