Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, 2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2023 Sep;51(9):1303-1314. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01053-0. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
The need to belong with peers is an essential component of development, and when individuals face peer rejection they often experience a host of negative outcomes, including internalizing and externalizing problems. There exists conflicting evidence whether peer rejection precedes, succeeds, or reciprocally influences psychopathology. This study used two longitudinal community samples recruited from Portuguese schools with data from middle childhood through early adulthood. The obtained data measured mean levels and assessed stability of peer rejection, and peer rejection's association with demographic and psychopathology variables concurrently across development. Analyses fit developmental cascade models of peer rejection, depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. Mean peer rejection levels remained relatively stable over time, and peer rejection scores were mildly to moderately correlated at measurement points closer together but attenuated at timepoints that were further apart in time. At some timepoints, age, and parental SES and education were associated with peer rejection. Peer rejection was associated with depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems concurrently at each time point (r = ~0.3-0.5). Developmental cascade models supported depression and anxiety temporally preceding peer rejection and some reciprocal relationships between depression and peer rejection. Anxiety was a robust temporal precedent of psychopathology and peer rejection.
与同伴建立联系的需求是发展的一个重要组成部分，当个体面临同伴拒绝时，他们通常会经历一系列负面后果，包括内化和外化问题。同伴拒绝是否先于、后于或相互影响精神病理学，目前还存在相互矛盾的证据。本研究使用了两个从葡萄牙学校招募的纵向社区样本，从儿童中期到成年早期收集数据。获得的数据测量了同伴拒绝、抑郁、焦虑和外化问题的平均水平，并评估了它们在整个发展过程中的同时与人口统计学和精神病理学变量的稳定性。分析符合同伴拒绝、抑郁、焦虑和外化问题的发展级联模型。同伴拒绝的平均水平在时间上相对稳定，在测量点更近的时间点上，同伴拒绝分数具有中度到高度相关性，但在时间间隔较远的时间点上相关性减弱。在某些时间点，年龄、父母 SES 和教育与同伴拒绝有关。同伴拒绝与抑郁、焦虑和外化问题在每个时间点都存在关联（r = 0.3-0.5）。发展级联模型支持抑郁和焦虑在时间上先于同伴拒绝，以及抑郁和同伴拒绝之间的一些相互关系。焦虑是精神病理学和同伴拒绝的一个强有力的时间前体。
