Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023 Aug;56(4):705-717. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.008. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
An effective vaccine response is currently a critical issue in the control of COVID-19. Little is known about humoral and cellular immunity comparing protein-based vaccine with other types of vaccines. The relevance of basal immunity to antibody production is also unknown.
Seventy-eight individuals were enrolled in the study. The primary outcome were the level of spike-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies measured by ELISA. Secondary measures included memory T cells and basal immunity estimated by flow cytometry and ELISA. Correlations for all parameters were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman correlation method.
We observed that two doses of mRNA-based Moderna mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine produced the highest total spike-binding antibody and neutralizing ability against the wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron variants. The protein-based MVC-COV1901 (MVC) vaccine developed in Taiwan produced higher spike-binding antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants and neutralizing ability against the WT strain than the adenovirus-based AstraZeneca-Oxford AZD1222 (AZ) vaccine. Moderna and AZ vaccination produced more central memory T cells in PBMC than the MVC vaccine. However, the MVC vaccine had the lowest adverse effects compared to the Moderna and AZ vaccines. Surprisingly, the basal immunity represented by TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 prior to vaccination was negatively correlated with the production of spike-binding antibodies and neutralizing ability.
This study compared memory T cells, total spike-binding antibody levels, and neutralizing capacity against WT, Delta, and Omicron variants between the MVC vaccine and the widely used Moderna and AZ vaccines, which provides valuable information for future vaccine development strategies.
目前，有效的疫苗反应是控制 COVID-19 的关键问题。与其他类型的疫苗相比，人们对基于蛋白质的疫苗的体液和细胞免疫知之甚少。基础免疫对抗体产生的相关性也不清楚。
本研究纳入了 78 名个体。主要结局是通过 ELISA 测量的刺突特异性抗体和中和抗体水平。次要措施包括通过流式细胞术和 ELISA 估计的记忆 T 细胞和基础免疫。使用非参数 Spearman 相关系数法计算所有参数的相关性。
我们观察到，两剂基于 mRNA 的 Moderna mRNA-1273（Moderna）疫苗产生了最高的总刺突结合抗体和对野生型（WT）、Delta 和奥密克戎变异株的中和能力。台湾开发的基于蛋白质的 MVC-COV1901（MVC）疫苗对 Delta 和奥密克戎变异株的刺突结合抗体产生了更高的中和能力，对 WT 株的中和能力高于基于腺病毒的阿斯利康-牛津 AZD1222（AZ）疫苗。与 MVC 疫苗相比，Moderna 和 AZ 疫苗在 PBMC 中产生了更多的中央记忆 T 细胞。然而，与 Moderna 和 AZ 疫苗相比，MVC 疫苗的不良反应最低。令人惊讶的是，接种前 TNF-α、IFN-γ 和 IL-2 代表的基础免疫与刺突结合抗体和中和能力的产生呈负相关。
本研究比较了 MVC 疫苗与广泛使用的 Moderna 和 AZ 疫苗之间的记忆 T 细胞、总刺突结合抗体水平和对 WT、Delta 和奥密克戎变异株的中和能力，为未来的疫苗开发策略提供了有价值的信息。
