Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 15;882:163412. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163412. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
Microbes are a critical component of soil ecosystems, performing crucial functions in biogeochemical cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant health. However, it remains uncertain how their community structure, functioning, and resultant nutrient cycling, including net GHG fluxes, would respond to climate change at different scales. Here, we review global and regional climate change effects on soil microbial community structure and functioning, as well as the climate-microbe feedback and plant-microbe interactions. We also synthesize recent studies on climate change impacts on terrestrial nutrient cycles and GHG fluxes across different climate-sensitive ecosystems. It is generally assumed that climate change factors (e.g., elevated CO and temperature) will have varying impacts on the microbial community structure (e.g., fungi-to-bacteria ratio) and their contribution toward nutrient turnover, with potential interactions that may either enhance or mitigate each other's effects. Such climate change responses, however, are difficult to generalize, even within an ecosystem, since they are subjected to not only a strong regional influence of current ambient environmental and edaphic conditions, historical exposure to fluctuations, and time horizon but also to methodological choices (e.g., network construction). Finally, the potential of chemical intrusions and emerging tools, such as genetically engineered plants and microbes, as mitigation strategies against global change impacts, particularly for agroecosystems, is presented. In a rapidly evolving field, this review identifies the knowledge gaps complicating assessments and predictions of microbial climate responses and hindering the development of effective mitigation strategies.
微生物是土壤生态系统的关键组成部分，在生物地球化学循环、碳固存和植物健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，微生物群落结构、功能以及由此产生的养分循环（包括净温室气体通量）如何应对不同尺度的气候变化仍不确定。在这里，我们综述了全球和区域气候变化对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响，以及气候-微生物反馈和植物-微生物相互作用。我们还综合了最近关于气候变化对不同气候敏感生态系统陆地养分循环和温室气体通量影响的研究。一般认为，气候变化因素（例如，升高的 CO 和温度）将对微生物群落结构（例如，真菌与细菌的比例）及其对养分转化的贡献产生不同的影响，潜在的相互作用可能相互增强或相互减弱。然而，即使在一个生态系统内，这些气候变化响应也很难概括，因为它们不仅受到当前环境和土壤条件、历史波动暴露以及时间范围等强烈的区域影响，还受到方法选择（例如，网络构建）的影响。最后，本文提出了化学入侵和新兴工具（例如，基因工程植物和微生物）作为应对全球变化影响的缓解策略的潜力，特别是对于农业生态系统。在这个快速发展的领域，本综述确定了使微生物气候响应评估和预测复杂化的知识空白，并阻碍了有效缓解策略的发展。
