A rare case of severely elevated septic parameters caused by intercurrent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis despite dual trauma surgery.

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are considered markers used in clinical practice to differentiate bacterial infections from autoimmune origin. Here we evaluate a rare case of a male patient diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The patient presented repeatedly to our department with atraumatic femoral head necrosis, traumatic medial femoral neck fracture and peri-implant femoral fracture. While undergoing repeated surgical interventions including a removal of osteosynthesis material and total endoprosthesis of his right hip including double subtrochanteric osteotomy, the patient developed drastically increasing infection parameters of PCT and CRP. After a completely inconspicuous revision we revealed the untypical genesis of a rheumatic cause. Consequently, we emphasize this etiology to be considered in further decision making for trauma surgery.