Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 31;11:1068083. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068083. eCollection 2023.
To quantify the inequalities of anemia in Peruvian children aged 6-59 months and uncover its contributing factors.
We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2021 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Our sample included Peruvian children aged 6-59 months with complete data for the variables of interest. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dL, adjusted by altitude. Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) and concentration curves were computed to estimate the socio-economic inequality in anemia among Peruvian children. Moreover, ECI was decomposed to figure out the contributing factors to the inequality of anemia and the residual variation.
Nationwide, the prevalence of anemia in Peruvian children was 29.47%. We found a pro-poor inequality regarding anemia at the national level (ECI = -0.1848). The determinants included in the model explained 81.85% of the overall socio-economic inequality in anemia. The largest contribution to inequality was from household- and community-related factors. Having a higher mother's education level (26.26%) and being from the highlands (24.91%) were the major significant contributors to the overall health inequality.
Almost one-third of Peruvian children have anemia. A pro-poor inequality of anemia in Peruvian children was found. Public policies ought to address the major contributing factors of anemia inequality.
量化秘鲁 6-59 月龄儿童贫血的不平等现象，并揭示其影响因素。
我们进行了一项基于 2021 年秘鲁人口与健康调查（DHS）二次数据分析的横断面研究。我们的样本包括秘鲁 6-59 月龄的儿童，他们有感兴趣变量的完整数据。贫血定义为血红蛋白水平低于 11g/dL，并根据海拔进行调整。计算 Erreygers 集中指数（ECI）和集中曲线，以估计秘鲁儿童贫血的社会经济不平等。此外，对 ECI 进行分解，以找出贫血不平等的影响因素和剩余变异。
在全国范围内，秘鲁儿童贫血的患病率为 29.47%。我们发现贫血在全国范围内存在有利于穷人的不平等现象（ECI=-0.1848）。纳入模型的决定因素解释了贫血总体社会经济不平等的 81.85%。不平等的最大贡献来自家庭和社区相关因素。母亲教育水平较高（26.26%）和来自高地（24.91%）是导致整体健康不平等的主要因素。
近三分之一的秘鲁儿童患有贫血。发现秘鲁儿童贫血存在有利于穷人的不平等现象。公共政策应解决贫血不平等的主要影响因素。
