Lopez Cary B, Tilney Charles L, Muhlbach Eric, Bouchard Josée N, Villac Maria Célia, Henschen Karen L, Markley Laura R, Abbe Stephanie Keller, Shankar Sugandha, Shea Colin, Flewelling Leanne, Garrett Matthew, Badylak Susan, Phlips Edward J, Hall Lauren M, Lasi Margaret A, Parks Ashley, Paperno Richard, Adams Douglas H, Edwards Dwayne D, Schneider Jacob E, Wald Kyle B, Biddle Autumn R, Landers Shawna L, Hubbard Katherine A
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC-FWRI), 100 8 Ave. SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States.
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States.
Front Mar Sci. 2021;8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.769877. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), located on the east coast of Florida, is a complex estuarine ecosystem that is negatively affected by recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) from distinct taxonomic/functional groups. Enhanced monitoring was established to facilitate rapid quantification of three recurrent bloom taxa, , , and spp., and included corroborating techniques to improve the identification of small-celled nanoplankton (<10 μm in diameter). Identification and enumeration of these target taxa were conducted during 2015-2020 using a combination of light microscopy and species-specific approaches, specifically immunofluorescence flow cytometry as well as a newly developed qPCR assay for presented here for the first time. An annual bloom index (ABI) was established for each taxon based on occurrence and abundance data. Blooms of (>2×10 cells L) were observed in all six years sampled and across multiple seasons. In contrast, abundance of , largely driven by the annual temperature cycle that moderates life cycle transitions and growth, displayed a strong seasonal pattern with blooms (10-10 cells L) generally developing in early summer and subsiding in autumn. However, bloom development was delayed and abundance was significantly lower in years and locations with sustained blooms. spp. were broadly distributed with sporadic bloom concentrations (reaching 10 cells L), but with minimal concentrations of the toxin domoic acid detected (<0.02 μg L). In summer 2020, multiple monitoring tools characterized a novel nano-cyanobacterium bloom (reaching 10 cells L) that coincided with a decline in and persisted into autumn. Statistical and time-series analyses of this spatiotemporally intensive dataset highlight prominent patterns in variability for some taxa, but also identifies challenges of characterizing mechanisms underlying more episodic yet persistent events. Nevertheless, the intersect of temperature and salinity as environmental proxies proved to be informative in delineating niche partitioning, not only in the case of taxa with long-standing data sets but also for seemingly unprecedented blooms of novel nanoplanktonic taxa.
印度河泻湖（IRL）位于佛罗里达州东海岸，是一个复杂的河口生态系统，受到来自不同分类/功能组的反复出现的有害藻华（HABs）的负面影响。已建立强化监测以促进对三种反复出现的藻华分类群，即[具体分类群1]、[具体分类群2]和[具体分类群3] spp. 的快速定量，并包括确证技术以改进对小型纳米浮游生物（直径<10μm）的鉴定。在2015 - 2020年期间，使用光学显微镜和物种特异性方法的组合对这些目标分类群进行鉴定和计数，具体为免疫荧光流式细胞术以及此处首次展示的针对[具体分类群3]新开发的qPCR检测方法。基于出现情况和丰度数据为每个分类群建立了年度藻华指数（ABI）。在所有采样的六年中以及多个季节都观察到了[具体分类群1]的藻华（>2×10[具体细胞单位] L）。相比之下，[具体分类群2]的丰度很大程度上受调节生命周期转变和生长的年度温度周期驱动，呈现出强烈的季节性模式，藻华（10 - 10[具体细胞单位] L）通常在初夏形成并在秋季消退。然而，在持续出现[具体分类群1]藻华的年份和地点，[具体分类群2]的藻华发展延迟且丰度显著较低。[具体分类群3] spp. 分布广泛，藻华浓度呈零星分布（达到10[具体细胞单位] L），但检测到的毒素软骨藻酸浓度极低（<0.02μg L）。在2020年夏季，多种监测工具表征了一种新型的纳米蓝藻藻华（达到10[具体细胞单位] L），该藻华与[具体分类群1]的减少同时发生并持续到秋季。对这个时空密集数据集的统计和时间序列分析突出了一些分类群变异性的显著模式，但也确定了表征更多偶发性但持续性事件背后机制的挑战。尽管如此，温度和盐度作为环境代理指标的交叉点在划定生态位划分方面被证明是有信息价值的，不仅对于具有长期数据集的分类群如此，对于看似前所未有的新型纳米浮游生物分类群的藻华也是如此。
