Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Mar Drugs. 2024 Jul 4;22(7):311. doi: 10.3390/md22070311.
Dinoflagellate species that form some of the most frequent toxic blooms are also bioluminescent, yet the two traits are rarely linked when studying bloom development and persistence. is a toxic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate that previously bloomed in Florida with no known record of saxitoxin (STX) production. Over the past 20 years, STX was identified in populations. The goal of this study was to examine toxin dynamics and associated molecular mechanisms in spatially and temporally distinct populations from the Indian River Lagoon, FL. is a key gene required for toxin biosynthesis. genotype analysis was performed on individual cells from multiple sites. Cell abundance, toxin quota cell, and and RubisCo () transcript abundance were also measured. There was a significant negative correlation between cell abundance and toxin quota cell. While the genotype was dominant at all sites, its frequency varied, but it occurred at 90-100% in many samples. The underlying mechanism for toxin decrease with increased cell abundance remains unknown. However, a strong, statistically significant negative correlation was found between transcripts and the ratio, suggesting cells make fewer transcripts as a bloom progresses. However, the influence of cells must also be considered. Future plans include bioluminescence measurements, normalized to a per cell basis, at sites when toxicity is measured along with concomitant quantification of gene and transcript copy numbers as a means to elucidate whether changes in bloom toxicity are driven more at the genetic (emergence of cells) or transcriptional (repression of in cells) level. Based on the results of this study, a model is proposed that links the combined traits of toxicity and bioluminescence in bloom development.
形成一些最常见的有毒水华的腰鞭毛虫物种也是生物发光的，但在研究水华的发展和持续时，这两个特征很少联系在一起。 是一种有毒的生物发光腰鞭毛虫，以前在佛罗里达州爆发过，但没有已知的石房蛤毒素 (STX) 产生记录。在过去的 20 年中，在 种群中发现了 STX。本研究的目的是检查佛罗里达州印第安河泻湖不同时空的 种群的毒素动态和相关的分子机制。 是毒素生物合成所必需的关键基因。对来自多个地点的单个细胞进行了 基因型分析。还测量了细胞丰度、毒素配额细胞和 和 RubisCo () 转录物丰度。细胞丰度与毒素配额细胞呈显著负相关。虽然在所有地点都以 基因型为主导，但它的频率不同，但在许多样本中，它的频率在 90-100%之间。毒素随细胞丰度增加而减少的潜在机制尚不清楚。然而，发现 转录物与 比值之间存在强烈的、统计学上显著的负相关，这表明随着水华的发展，细胞产生的 转录物越少。然而，还必须考虑到 细胞的影响。未来的计划包括在测量毒性的同时进行生物发光测量，并归一化为每个细胞的基础，以及同时定量 基因和转录物拷贝数，以阐明水华毒性的变化是由遗传水平（ 细胞的出现）还是转录水平（ 细胞中 基因的抑制）驱动的。基于本研究的结果，提出了一个模型，该模型将毒性和生物发光的综合特征与 水华的发展联系起来。
