Ger R
Am Surg. 1986 May;52(5):284-5.
Lesions of the foot are common and occur at all ages. In the young, congenital nervous anomalies may be responsible. In adolescence, diabetic patients suffer frequently, and in the elderly both diabetes and arteriosclerosis take their toll. A method in the management of ulcers of the foot is by the transposition of muscle/s into the defect/s with or without the use of skin grafts to the muscle. To perform these procedures, a knowledge of the applied anatomy of the intrinsic muscles is required. Traditionally, the muscles of the sole of the foot have always been described in four layers, but it is more pragmatic to divide them into peripheral and central groups. The peripheral muscles, one long and one short, lie on each border of the foot and reach the proximal phalanges of the digits only. The central muscles are more numerous as they occupy the spaces formed by the longitudinal and transverse arches. Except for one muscle that runs obliquely and transversely to support the transverse arch, the central muscles run longitudinally, and are placed one on top of another, the superficial muscles reaching the intermediate phalanges and the deeper muscles, the distal phalanges.
足部病变很常见，可发生于任何年龄。在年轻人中，先天性神经异常可能是病因。在青少年中，糖尿病患者经常受累，而在老年人中，糖尿病和动脉硬化都会造成损害。足部溃疡的一种治疗方法是将肌肉转移至缺损处，可使用或不使用皮肤移植到肌肉上。要进行这些手术，需要了解足部固有肌的应用解剖学知识。传统上，足底肌一直被描述为四层，但将它们分为外周组和中央组更为实用。外周肌有一长一短，位于足部的每一侧边缘，仅到达各趾的近节趾骨。中央肌较多，因为它们占据了由纵弓和横弓形成的空间。除了一条斜向和横向走行以支撑横弓的肌肉外，中央肌均纵向走行，且一层叠一层，浅层肌肉到达中节趾骨，深层肌肉到达远节趾骨。
