State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Curr Drug Metab. 2023;24(5):367-384. doi: 10.2174/1389200224666230413082047.
Nucleic acid is a genetic material that shows great potential in a variety of biological applications. With the help of nanotechnology, the fabrication of DNA-based nanomaterials has emerged. From genetic DNA to non-genetic functional DNA, from single-layer and flat structure to multi-layer and complex structure, and from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure, DNA-based nanomaterials have been greatly developed, bringing significant changes to our lives. In recent years, the research of DNA-based nanomaterials for biological applications has developed rapidly.
We extensively searched the bibliographic database for a research article on nanotechnology and immunotherapy and further discussed the advantages and drawbacks of current DNA-based nanomaterials in immunotherapy. By comparing DNA-based nanomaterials with traditional biomaterials applied in immunotherapy, we found that DNA-based nanomaterials are a promising candidate material in Immunotherapy.
Due to the unrivaled editability and biocompatibility, DNA-based nanomaterials are not only investigated as therapeutic particles to influence cell behavior but also as drug delivery systems to treat a variety of diseases. Moreover, when DNA-based nanomaterials are loaded with therapeutic agents, including chemical drugs and biomolecules, which significantly enhance the therapeutic effects, DNA-based nanomaterials have great potential in immunotherapy.
This review summarizes the structural development history of DNA-based nanomaterials and their biological applications in immunotherapy, including the potential treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
核酸是一种具有广泛应用前景的遗传物质。在纳米技术的帮助下，DNA 纳米材料的制备应运而生。从遗传 DNA 到非遗传功能性 DNA，从单层和平坦结构到多层和复杂结构，从二维到三维结构，DNA 纳米材料得到了极大的发展，给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化。近年来，基于 DNA 的纳米材料在生物应用方面的研究发展迅速。
我们广泛搜索了有关纳米技术和免疫疗法的文献数据库，并进一步讨论了当前基于 DNA 的纳米材料在免疫疗法中的优缺点。通过将基于 DNA 的纳米材料与应用于免疫疗法的传统生物材料进行比较，我们发现基于 DNA 的纳米材料是免疫疗法中一种很有前途的候选材料。
由于无与伦比的编辑能力和生物相容性，DNA 纳米材料不仅被研究为影响细胞行为的治疗颗粒，还被研究为药物输送系统以治疗各种疾病。此外，当 DNA 纳米材料负载治疗剂，包括化学药物和生物分子时，它们显著增强了治疗效果，因此在免疫疗法中有很大的应用潜力。
本文综述了 DNA 纳米材料的结构发展历史及其在免疫疗法中的生物学应用，包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的潜在治疗方法。
