Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2024 Feb;102(1):e86-e93. doi: 10.1111/aos.15672. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a birth weight (BW) which is too low for gestational age (GA) is a known risk factor for various altered organ morphologies and dysfunction in later life. This study aimed to determine for the first time the effects of being small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) on the ocular geometry of adults born at term.
All participants were examined with optical biometry (LenStar 900, Haag Streit) to compare the corneal curvature, white-to-white distance, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length between former moderate (BW percentile 3rd to <10th) and severe (BW <3rd percentile) SGA, controls (BW 10th-90th percentile) and former moderate (BW >90th to 97th percentile) and severe (BW >97th percentile) LGA. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse associations with GA, BW percentile categories, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia and breastfeeding after adjustment for age and sex.
In total, 589 eyes of 296 individuals born at term (aged 30.0 ± 9.4 years, 156 females) were examined, including 40 severe SGA, 38 moderate SGA, 140 with normal BW, 38 moderate LGA and 40 severe LGA. There was an association between a steeper corneal curvature with moderate (B = -0.201; p < 0.001) and severe SGA (B = -0.199; p < 0.001), with extreme SGA associated with smaller white-to-white (B = -0.263; p = 0.001) and a shorter axial length (B = -0.524; p = 0.031).
Severe and moderate prenatal growth restriction in adults born at term leads to an altered ocular geometry, namely a steepening of the cornea and a smaller corneal diameter.
宫内生长受限导致出生体重（BW）低于胎龄（GA），这是各种器官形态改变和生命后期功能障碍的已知危险因素。本研究旨在首次确定中等（BW 百分位数 3 至 <10）和严重（BW <3 百分位数）小于胎龄儿（SGA）、对照组（BW 百分位数 10 至 90）和中度（BW 百分位数 >90 至 97）以及重度（BW >97 百分位数）大于胎龄儿（LGA）对足月出生成年人眼球几何结构的影响。使用光学生物测量仪（LenStar 900，Haag Streit）比较角膜曲率、白到白距离、前房深度、晶状体厚度和眼轴，以比较前中度（BW 百分位数 3 至 <10）和严重（BW <3 百分位数）SGA、对照组（BW 百分位数 10 至 90）和前中度（BW 百分位数 >90 至 97）和严重（BW >97 百分位数）LGA。多变量线性回归用于分析 GA、BW 百分位数类别、胎盘功能不全、子痫前期和母乳喂养与年龄和性别调整后的相关性。
共检查了 296 名足月出生（年龄 30.0±9.4 岁，女性 156 名）个体的 589 只眼，包括 40 例严重 SGA、38 例中度 SGA、140 例正常 BW、38 例中度 LGA 和 40 例重度 LGA。中度（B=-0.201;p<0.001）和重度 SGA（B=-0.199;p<0.001）与角膜曲率陡峭相关，而极重度 SGA与较小的白到白（B=-0.263;p=0.001）和较短的眼轴（B=-0.524;p=0.031）相关。
足月出生的成年人中严重和中度产前生长受限导致眼球几何结构发生改变，即角膜变陡和角膜直径变小。
