Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023 Jun;238(2):e13979. doi: 10.1111/apha.13979. Epub 2023 Apr 30.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a very complex clinical syndrome that may lead to ischemic cerebral hypoxia condition. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of CHF on brain activity through electroencephalographic (EEG) complexity measures, like approximate entropy (ApEn).
Twenty patients with CHF and 18 healthy elderly people were recruited. ApEn values were evaluated in the total spectrum (0.2-47 Hz) and main EEG frequency bands: delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-11 Hz), alpha 2 (11-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz) to identify differences between CHF group and control. Moreover, a correlation analysis was performed between ApEn parameters and clinical data (i.e., B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP), New York Heart Association (NYHA), and systolic blood pressure (SBP)) within the CHF group.
Statistical topographic maps showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in the total spectrum and theta frequency band. Within the CHF group, significant negative correlations were found between total ApEn and BNP in O2 channel and between theta ApEn and NYHA scores in Fp1, Fp2, and Fz channels; instead, a significant positive correlation was found between theta ApEn and SBP in C3 channel and a nearly significant positive correlation was obtained between theta ApEn and SBP in F4 channel.
EEG abnormalities in CHF are very similar to those observed in cognitive-impaired patients, suggesting analogies between the effects of neurodegeneration and brain chronic hypovolaemia due to heart disorder and underlying high brain sensitivity to CHF.
充血性心力衰竭（CHF）是一种非常复杂的临床综合征，可能导致缺血性脑缺氧状态。本研究旨在通过脑电图（EEG）复杂度测量，如近似熵（ApEn），分析 CHF 对大脑活动的影响。
招募了 20 名 CHF 患者和 18 名健康老年人。评估了 ApEn 值在总谱（0.2-47 Hz）和主要 EEG 频带中的值：δ（2-4 Hz）、θ（4-8 Hz）、α1（8-11 Hz）、α2（11-13 Hz）、β1（13-20 Hz）、β2（20-30 Hz）和γ（30-45 Hz），以识别 CHF 组和对照组之间的差异。此外，在 CHF 组内，还对 ApEn 参数与临床数据（即 B 型利钠肽（BNP）、纽约心脏协会（NYHA）和收缩压（SBP））之间进行了相关性分析。
统计地形图显示，两组在总谱和θ频带中存在统计学显著差异。在 CHF 组内，总 ApEn 与 O2 通道中的 BNP 呈显著负相关，θ ApEn 与 Fp1、Fp2 和 Fz 通道中的 NYHA 评分呈显著负相关；而θ ApEn 与 C3 通道中的 SBP 呈显著正相关，θ ApEn 与 F4 通道中的 SBP 呈近显著正相关。
CHF 中的 EEG 异常与认知障碍患者观察到的异常非常相似，这表明神经退行性变的影响与心脏疾病引起的大脑慢性低血容量以及大脑对 CHF 的高度敏感性之间存在相似性。
