Global Development, Eversight, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2024 Apr;31(2):99-106. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2204149. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
Reducing childhood blindness and vision impairment (BVI) remains a global health priority. Our purpose was to summarize the peer-reviewed literature to date on measuring and reporting childhood BVI using population-based surveys and vision examinations.
We conducted a scoping review of published studies that aimed to report BVI prevalence in children or studies that aimed to report BVI prevalence in the general population but which also included children. There were 201 articles identified for abstract review, and 86 studies were included in the final review.
There were 52 studies (60%) that specifically aimed to investigate prevalence of blindness and/or vision impairment among child populations, while the remaining 34 studies aimed to study BVI in the general population but still reported data for age ranges that included children. The majority of researchers used the WHO criteria for blindness and vision impairment, sometimes with modifications. Age definitions for children varied considerably, with maximum cutoffs ranging from 3 to 20 years.
The available literature on childhood blindness indicates that while there has been substantial progress towards establishing an evidence base, more remains to be accomplished in terms of addressing gaps in understanding of the true prevalence and impacts of childhood blindness and vision loss. All studies in this review cited the need for improved vision care services, either for all ages or for the childhood years in particular.
降低儿童盲症和视力损伤（BVI）仍然是全球卫生重点。我们的目的是总结迄今为止使用基于人群的调查和视力检查来衡量和报告儿童 BVI 的同行评议文献。
我们对旨在报告儿童 BVI 患病率的已发表研究或旨在报告一般人群 BVI 患病率但其中也包括儿童的研究进行了范围界定审查。有 201 篇文章进行了摘要审查，最终有 86 项研究纳入了最终审查。
有 52 项研究（60%）专门旨在调查儿童人群中失明和/或视力损伤的患病率，而其余 34 项研究旨在研究一般人群中的 BVI，但仍报告了包括儿童年龄段的数据。大多数研究人员使用世界卫生组织（WHO）的失明和视力损伤标准，有时会进行修改。儿童的年龄定义差异很大，最大截止年龄从 3 岁到 20 岁不等。
现有的儿童盲症文献表明，虽然在建立证据基础方面已经取得了重大进展，但在了解儿童盲症和视力丧失的真实患病率和影响方面仍有许多工作要做。本综述中的所有研究都指出需要改善视力保健服务，无论是针对所有年龄段还是特别是儿童时期。
