Ou Weihao, Yu Guijuan, Zhang Yanjiao, Mai Kangsen
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China.
Mar Life Sci Technol. 2021 Apr 9;3(4):434-448. doi: 10.1007/s42995-021-00094-y. eCollection 2021 Nov.
As the significance of the gut microbiota has become increasingly realized, a large number of related studies have emerged. With respect to the gut microbial composition of fish, the predominant gut microbes and core gut microbiota have been reported by many researchers. Our understanding of fish gut microbiota, especially its functional roles, has fallen far behind that of terrestrial vertebrates, although previous studies using gnotobiotic zebrafish models have revealed that the gut microbiota performs a significant role in gut development, nutrient metabolism and immune responses. Given that environmental factors of marine habitats are very different from those of freshwater habitats, a distinct difference may exist in the gut microbiota between freshwater and marine fish. Therefore, this review aims to address the advances in marine fish gut microbiota in terms of methodologies, the gut microbial composition, and gnotobiotic models of marine fish, the important factors (host genotype and three environmental factors: temperature, salinity and diet) that drive marine fish gut microbiota, and significant roles of the gut microbiota in marine fish.
随着肠道微生物群的重要性日益得到认识，大量相关研究不断涌现。关于鱼类的肠道微生物组成，许多研究人员已经报道了主要的肠道微生物和核心肠道微生物群。尽管之前使用无菌斑马鱼模型的研究表明肠道微生物群在肠道发育、营养代谢和免疫反应中发挥着重要作用，但我们对鱼类肠道微生物群的理解，尤其是其功能作用，仍远远落后于陆生脊椎动物。鉴于海洋栖息地的环境因素与淡水栖息地截然不同，淡水鱼和海水鱼的肠道微生物群可能存在明显差异。因此，本综述旨在从方法学、肠道微生物组成、海水鱼无菌模型、驱动海水鱼肠道微生物群的重要因素（宿主基因型和三个环境因素：温度、盐度和饮食）以及肠道微生物群在海水鱼中的重要作用等方面，阐述海水鱼肠道微生物群的研究进展。
