School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024;19(5):653-661. doi: 10.2174/1574888X18666230418121122.
Today, treatments of cartilage and osteochondral lesions are routine clinical procedures. The avascular and hard-to-self-repair nature of cartilage tissue has posed a clinical challenge for the replacement and reconstruction of damaged cartilage. Treatment of large articular cartilage defects is technically difficult and complex, often accompanied by failure. Articular cartilage cannot repair itself after injury due to a lack of blood vessels, lymph, and nerves. Various treatments for cartilage regeneration have shown encouraging results, but unfortunately, none have been the perfect solution. New minimally invasive and effective techniques are being developed. The development of tissue engineering technology has created hope for articular cartilage reconstruction. This technology mainly supplies stem cells with various sources of pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cells. This article describes the treatments in detail, including types, grades of cartilage lesions, and immune mechanisms in cartilage injuries.
今天，软骨和骨软骨病变的治疗是常规的临床程序。软骨组织的无血管和难以自我修复的性质给受损软骨的替代和重建带来了临床挑战。大关节软骨缺损的治疗技术难度大且复杂，常伴有失败。由于缺乏血管、淋巴和神经，关节软骨受伤后无法自我修复。各种软骨再生治疗方法已显示出可喜的结果，但不幸的是，没有一种方法是完美的解决方案。新的微创和有效的技术正在开发中。组织工程技术的发展为关节软骨重建带来了希望。该技术主要为干细胞提供各种来源的多能和间充质干细胞。本文详细描述了这些治疗方法，包括软骨损伤的类型、等级和免疫机制。
