State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 15;882:163533. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163533. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Particulate matter (PM) as a major air pollutant, generally includes filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM has gradually attracted widespread attention recently, due to its increasing proportion in total PM emissions. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units, the main emission source in refineries, mostly use wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), which will produce a large amount of CPM. However, CPM emission and composition of FCC units are actually unclear. In this work, we aimed to understand the emission characteristics of CPM in FCC flue gas and provide some potential control strategies. Here, the stack tests of three typical FCC units were conducted to monitor FPM and CPM, and the field monitoring FPM results are higher than the concentration provided by Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). The emission of CPM is at a high-level concentration from 28.88 to 86.17 mg/Nm, divided into inorganic fraction and organic fraction. The inorganic fraction is mainly composed in CPM, where water-soluble ions including SO, Na, NH, NO, CN, Cl, and F, are the major contributors. Moreover, a variety of organic compounds are detected as qualitative analysis of organic fraction in CPM, which can be roughly classified into alkanes, esters, aromatics, and others. Finally, on the basis of the understanding of the characteristics of CPM, we have proposed two strategies for CPM control. This work is expected to advance CPM emission regulation and control in FCC units.
颗粒物（PM）作为一种主要的空气污染物，通常包括可过滤颗粒物（FPM）和可冷凝颗粒物（CPM）。由于其在总 PM 排放中的比例不断增加，CPM 最近逐渐引起了广泛关注。炼油厂的主要排放源——流化催化裂化（FCC）装置大多采用湿法烟气脱硫（WFGD），这将产生大量的 CPM。然而，FCC 装置的 CPM 排放及其组成实际上并不清楚。在这项工作中，我们旨在了解 FCC 烟道气中 CPM 的排放特性，并提供一些潜在的控制策略。在这里，我们对三个典型的 FCC 装置进行了烟囱测试，以监测 FPM 和 CPM，现场监测的 FPM 结果高于连续排放监测系统（CEMS）提供的浓度。CPM 的排放处于高水平浓度，范围为 28.88 至 86.17 mg/Nm，分为无机部分和有机部分。无机部分主要由 CPM 组成，其中水溶性离子（如 SO、Na、NH、NO、CN、Cl 和 F）是主要贡献者。此外，作为 CPM 中有机部分的定性分析，还检测到多种有机化合物，可以大致分为烷烃、酯类、芳烃等。最后，基于对 CPM 特性的了解，我们提出了两种控制 CPM 的策略。这项工作有望推进 FCC 装置中 CPM 的排放法规和控制。
