Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Jul 15;229:115934. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115934. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
The world's human population is increasing exponentially, increasing the demand for high-quality food sources. As a result, there is a major global concern over hunger and malnutrition in developing countries with limited food resources. To address this issue, researchers worldwide must focus on developing improved crop varieties with greater productivity to overcome hunger. However, conventional crop breeding methods require extensive periods to develop new varieties with desirable traits. To tackle this challenge, an innovative approach termed plant nanobionics introduces nanomaterials (NMs) into cell organelles to enhance or modify plant function and thus crop productivity and yield. A comprehensive review of nanomaterials affect crop yield is needed to guide nanotechnology research. This article critically reviews nanotechnology applications for engineering plant productivity, seed germination, crop growth, enhancing photosynthesis, and improving crop yield and quality, and discusses nanobionic approaches such as smart drug delivery systems and plant nanobiosensors. Moreover, the review describes NM classification and synthesis and human health-related and plant toxicity hazards. Our findings suggest that nanotechnology application in agricultural production could significantly increase crop yields to alleviate global hunger pressures. However, the environmental risks associated with NMs should be investigated thoroughly before their widespread adoption in agriculture.
随着世界人口呈指数级增长，对高质量食物来源的需求也在增加。因此，全球主要关注的是粮食资源有限的发展中国家的饥饿和营养不良问题。为了解决这个问题，世界各地的研究人员必须专注于开发具有更高生产力的改良作物品种，以克服饥饿问题。然而，传统的作物育种方法需要很长时间才能开发出具有理想特性的新品种。为了应对这一挑战，一种创新的方法——植物纳米仿生学，将纳米材料 (NMs) 引入细胞细胞器，以增强或改变植物的功能，从而提高作物的生产力和产量。为了指导纳米技术研究，需要对纳米材料影响作物产量的综合影响进行综述。本文批判性地回顾了纳米技术在工程植物生产力、种子发芽、作物生长、提高光合作用以及提高作物产量和质量方面的应用，并讨论了智能药物输送系统和植物纳米生物传感器等纳米仿生方法。此外，本文还描述了 NM 的分类和合成以及与人类健康相关的和植物毒性危害。我们的研究结果表明，纳米技术在农业生产中的应用可以显著提高作物产量，从而缓解全球饥饿压力。然而，在将纳米材料广泛应用于农业之前，应该彻底调查它们对环境的风险。
