Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2023 Jun;181(2):271-295. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24748. Epub 2023 Apr 21.
To investigate whether the Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico (Latitude: 18.1564°N; temperature range 19°C to 32°C) rhesus macaque population has acclimated to their tropical island conditions since arriving from Lucknow, India (Latitude: 26.8470°N; temperature range 8°C to 41°C) in 1938.
Using the derived skeletal collection, measurements were taken of long bone lengths, diaphyseal circumference, and body weight using 635 (237 males and 398 females) skeletally mature individuals. Measurements sampled colony members born over a 51-year time span at Cayo Santiago, from 1951 to 2002.
Results demonstrated that body weights and diaphyseal circumferences significantly declined in both males and females. Long bone lengths relative to body weight and diaphyseal circumference also increased in females. Whereas body weight, long bone length and diaphyseal circumference declined at near parallel rates in males.
The population has acclimated to homogenous, tropical, conditions of the Caribbean island since their arrival over 80 years ago. Trends in both sexes aligned with Bergmann's rule, though females displayed a greater decline in body weight, as well as greater affinity with Allen's rule, than did males. Buffering effects related to male competition may be responsible for this discrepancy. Overall, the Cayo Santiago populations, as shown over a significant period (1951-2002) of their history, have acclimated to their island conditions by decreasing in size and altering body proportions.
调查自 1938 年从印度勒克瑙（纬度：26.8470°N；温度范围 8°C 至 41°C）抵达波多黎各卡约圣地亚哥（纬度：18.1564°N；温度范围 19°C 至 32°C）以来，该岛恒河猴种群是否已适应其热带岛屿环境。
利用所得骨骼标本，对 635 具（237 只雄性和 398 只雌性）骨骼成熟个体的长骨长度、骨干周长和体重进行了测量。这些测量样本取自卡约圣地亚哥出生于 51 年时间跨度（1951 年至 2002 年）的群体成员。
结果表明，雄性和雌性的体重和骨干周长均显著下降。女性的长骨长度相对于体重和骨干周长也增加了。而雄性的体重、长骨长度和骨干周长的下降速度接近平行。
自 80 多年前抵达以来，该种群已适应加勒比岛屿同质的热带环境。两性的趋势均符合伯格曼法则，尽管女性的体重下降幅度比男性更大，并且与艾伦法则的关系更为密切。与雄性竞争有关的缓冲效应可能是造成这种差异的原因。总体而言，卡约圣地亚哥种群在其历史上的一个重要时期（1951-2002 年）内，通过缩小体型和改变身体比例来适应其岛屿环境。
