Rawlins Richard G, Kessler Matt J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago.
Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan.
Am J Primatol. 1986;10(1):9-23. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350100103.
Secondary sex ratios (SSR) were calculated from 1,385 offspring delivered by 372 females in the Cayo Santiago population of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from 1976 through 1984. The SSR for the entire colony ranged from 0.86 to 1.46 males per female (combined total: 1.08), but no significant difference was observed (P > .05). SSR values were compared among the troops for each year. The SSR differed significantly among the six social groups (P < .05) only in 1978. The annual SSR of each troop was compared over 9 years. Significant variation was found only in group O. The annual SSR was significantly skewed (P < .05, males > females) for three troops in 3 separate years. The SSR did not vary according to troop rank. No significant difference was found among the 17 matrilines of the population, but comparison of matrilines within each social group revealed a significant difference in the SSR (P < .02) for the three matrilines in group I. This was due to the significantly skewed SSR (P = .0080, females > males) of the DM genealogy in that troop. SSR values were not related to matrilineal rank. Individual dominance rank did not bias the SSR. Complete reproductive histories for 266 females showed no evidence of significantly skewed SSR values. Age-related effects on the SSR were examined by using cross-sectional and cohort-based analyses. The SSR did not vary significantly (P > .05) with maternal age, but it was significantly skewed (P < .05) toward males at the ages of 5 and 9 years. Parity had no significant effect (P > .05) on SSR values. Wide variation occurred in the SSR of the Cayo Santiago population. Rank-related adjustment of the SSR at the level of the troop, matriline, or individual, as reported in short-term studies of other primate social groups, may reflect normal annual variation in the SSR evident only from longitudinal observations of large multigroup primate populations.
1976年至1984年期间，在自由放养的恒河猴（猕猴属）的圣地亚哥岛种群中，从372只雌性所产的1385只后代中计算出了第二性比（SSR）。整个群体的SSR范围为每只雌性0.86至1.46只雄性（总计：1.08），但未观察到显著差异（P>.05）。每年对各群体的SSR值进行比较。仅在1978年，六个社会群体之间的SSR存在显著差异（P<.05）。对每个群体的年度SSR进行了9年的比较。仅在O组发现了显著差异。在3个不同年份中，有三个群体的年度SSR显著偏向雄性（P<.05，雄性>雌性）。SSR并不随群体等级而变化。在该种群的17个母系中未发现显著差异，但对每个社会群体内母系的比较显示，I组的三个母系在SSR上存在显著差异（P<.02）。这是由于该群体中DM谱系的SSR显著偏向雌性（P=.0080，雌性>雄性）。SSR值与母系等级无关。个体优势等级对SSR没有影响。266只雌性的完整繁殖史显示，没有证据表明SSR值存在显著偏差。通过横断面分析和队列分析研究了年龄对SSR的影响。SSR与母亲年龄没有显著差异（P>.05），但在5岁和9岁时显著偏向雄性（P<.05）。胎次对SSR值没有显著影响（P>.05）。圣地亚哥岛种群的SSR存在广泛差异。正如其他灵长类社会群体的短期研究所报道的，在群体、母系或个体层面上与等级相关的SSR调整，可能反映了仅从大型多群体灵长类种群的纵向观察中才能明显看出的SSR的正常年度变化。
