University of Denver, Department of Psychology, CO, Denver, US.
University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CO, Boulder, US.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2023 Aug;51(8):1179-1193. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01049-w. Epub 2023 Apr 22.
The relationship between the p factor and cognition in youth has largely focused on general cognition (IQ) and executive functions (EF). Another cognitive construct, processing speed (PS), is dissociable from IQ and EF, but has received less research attention despite being related to many different mental health symptoms. The present sample included 795 youth, ages 11-16 from the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center (CLDRC) sample. Confirmatory factor analyses tested multiple p factor models, with the primary model being a second-order, multi-reporter p factor. We then tested the correlation between the p factor and a latent PS factor. There was a significant, negative correlation between the p factor and PS (r(87) = -0.42, p < .001), indicating that slower processing speed is associated with higher general mental health symptoms. This association is stronger than previously reported associations with IQ or EF. This finding was robust across models that used different raters (youth and caregiver) and modeling approaches (second-order vs. bifactor). Our findings indicate that PS is related to general psychopathology symptoms. This research points to processing speed as an important transdiagnostic construct that warrants further exploration across development.
p 因素与青年认知的关系主要集中在一般认知（智商）和执行功能（EF）上。另一种认知结构，加工速度（PS），与智商和 EF 不同，但尽管与许多不同的心理健康症状有关，却很少受到研究关注。本样本包括来自科罗拉多学习障碍研究中心（CLDRC）样本的 795 名 11-16 岁的青少年。验证性因素分析测试了多个 p 因素模型，主要模型是二阶多报告者 p 因素。然后，我们测试了 p 因素与潜在 PS 因素之间的相关性。p 因素与 PS 之间存在显著的负相关（r（87）=-0.42，p<.001），表明较慢的加工速度与更高的一般心理健康症状有关。这种关联比以前报道的与智商或 EF 的关联更强。在使用不同的评定者（青少年和照顾者）和建模方法（二阶与双因素）的模型中，这一发现都是稳健的。我们的研究结果表明，PS 与一般精神病理学症状有关。这项研究表明，加工速度是一个重要的跨诊断结构，值得在整个发展过程中进一步探索。
