Bagley Louella, Boag-Hodgson Christine, Stainer Matthew
Griffith University Australia, Australia.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 29;9(4):e15006. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15006. eCollection 2023 Apr.
This review aimed to integrate previous research to gain a deeper understanding of which individual factors are associated with reduced accident involvement, and which factors may be linked to success during emergency situations when they do occur. Better understanding how the human will react in these situations, combined with technological enhancements is vital to risk mitigation and ensuring successful performance. This review will also identify gaps in the literature that have yet to be addressed.
A systematic literature review was undertaken, beginning with 18,319 articles from three multidisciplinary databases. After careful review and exclusion, a final sample of 22 relevant articles were retained. This analysis was spread across various high risk, sociotechnical industries, including aviation, rail, mining, nuclear power, etc.
The findings show that previous research has identified cognitive ability, leadership, situation awareness, personality, and risk perception as the most prominently considered factors in reducing accident involvement. Training, skill, situation awareness, and emotional stability were the most commonly associated factors to success through emergencies.
While the research around individual differences impacting success during emergencies is scarce, this review provides future direction on potential factors influencing reduced accident involvement and/or potential factors that could influence a person's success through a disaster or emergency. This information could be implemented in recruitment and training of front-line workers in high-reliability organisations to reduce risk, increase safety and work towards reducing the number of accidents.
本综述旨在整合先前的研究，以更深入地了解哪些个体因素与事故发生率降低相关，以及哪些因素可能与紧急情况发生时的成功应对有关。更好地理解人类在这些情况下的反应，并结合技术改进，对于降低风险和确保成功表现至关重要。本综述还将找出文献中尚未解决的空白。
进行了一项系统的文献综述，从三个多学科数据库中的18319篇文章开始。经过仔细审查和排除，最终保留了22篇相关文章的样本。该分析涵盖了各种高风险的社会技术行业，包括航空、铁路、采矿、核电等。
结果表明，先前的研究已将认知能力、领导力、态势感知、个性和风险感知确定为降低事故发生率时最受关注的因素。培训、技能、态势感知和情绪稳定性是在紧急情况下成功应对最常涉及的因素。
虽然关于个体差异对紧急情况下成功的影响的研究很少，但本综述为影响事故发生率降低的潜在因素和/或可能影响一个人在灾难或紧急情况下成功的潜在因素提供了未来的研究方向。这些信息可用于高可靠性组织一线员工的招聘和培训，以降低风险、提高安全性并努力减少事故数量。
