Charlesworth Brian, Jensen Jeffrey D
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom.
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA.
Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2021 Nov;52:177-197. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-010621-044528.
Patterns of variation and evolution at a given site in a genome can be strongly influenced by the effects of selection at genetically linked sites. In particular, the recombination rates of genomic regions correlate with their amount of within-population genetic variability, the degree to which the frequency distributions of DNA sequence variants differ from their neutral expectations, and the levels of adaptation of their functional components. We review the major population genetic processes that are thought to lead to these patterns, focusing on their effects on patterns of variability: selective sweeps, background selection, associative overdominance, and Hill-Robertson interference among deleterious mutations. We emphasize the difficulties in distinguishing among the footprints of these processes and disentangling them from the effects of purely demographic factors such as population size changes. We also discuss how interactions between selective and demographic processes can significantly affect patterns of variability within genomes.
基因组中给定位点的变异和进化模式会受到基因连锁位点选择效应的强烈影响。特别是，基因组区域的重组率与其群体内遗传变异性的大小、DNA序列变异的频率分布与其中性预期的差异程度以及其功能成分的适应水平相关。我们回顾了被认为导致这些模式的主要群体遗传过程，重点关注它们对变异性模式的影响：选择性清除、背景选择、关联超显性以及有害突变之间的希尔 - 罗伯逊干扰。我们强调区分这些过程的印记并将它们与诸如种群大小变化等纯粹人口统计学因素的影响区分开来的困难。我们还讨论了选择和人口统计学过程之间的相互作用如何能够显著影响基因组内的变异性模式。
