College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 5;14:1119747. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119747. eCollection 2023.
Newly weaned animals are susceptible to a wide range of microbial infections taking a high risk of developing post-weaning diarrhea. Trained immunity is the capacity of the innate immune system to produce a stronger and non-specific response against a secondary infection after the inflammatory response caused by previous stimulus has returned to normal state. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the heat-inactivated (IEC) as an immunostimulant on suckling pups elicits a protective effect on the intestine of post-weaning rats challenged with (). We adapted a newborn rat model for this purpose.
Sixty newborn pups were randomly separated into two groups: IEC group (n =30) orally administrated IEC during suckling, while the CON group received orally the same dose of saline. Both of the two group challenged with various doses of after experiencing a 4-week resting period. Twelve of individuals were selected to detect the survival rate, and ten of the rest were necropsied 48 hours post-challenge.
The results showed that oral administration of IEC during suckling alleviated the injury in ileal morphology induced by post-weaning infection via increasing the levels of two tight junction proteins [zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin-1] and several secreted proteins (Lysozyme, Mucin-2, and SIgA) in the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, the pre-stimulation with IEC significantly increased cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β) expressions in an enhanced secondary reaction way after experiencing a 4-week resting period. This implicated the possible involvement of trained immunity. The 16S rDNA sequence results showed that pre-stimulation with IEC decreased the abundance of and after intestinal infection of . Our results confirmed that the previous oral administration of IEC had a protective effect on -induced intestinal injury in weaned rats by inducing a robust immune response. The present study suggested a new strategy for preventing intestinal infection of newborn animals.
新生动物易受多种微生物感染，患断奶后腹泻的风险很高。训练有素的免疫是先天免疫系统产生更强和非特异性反应的能力，针对先前刺激引起的炎症反应恢复正常状态后的二次感染。本研究旨在评估热灭活的 (IEC) 作为免疫刺激物对接受 ( ) 挑战的断奶大鼠肠道是否具有保护作用。为此，我们适应了一种新生大鼠模型。
60 只新生幼鼠被随机分为两组：IEC 组（n = 30）在哺乳期间口服 IEC，而 CON 组口服相同剂量的生理盐水。两组均在经历 4 周休息期后接受不同剂量的 挑战。选择 12 只个体检测存活率，其余 10 只个体在挑战后 48 小时剖检。
结果表明，哺乳期间口服 IEC 通过增加两种紧密连接蛋白 [闭锁蛋白-1 (ZO-1) 和 Occludin-1] 和几种分泌蛋白（溶菌酶、粘蛋白-2 和 SIgA）在肠道黏膜中的水平，减轻了断奶后 感染引起的回肠形态损伤。此外，IEC 的预刺激在经历 4 周休息期后以增强的二次反应方式显著增加了细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 的表达。这暗示了训练有素的免疫可能参与其中。16S rDNA 序列结果表明，IEC 的预刺激降低了肠道感染后 和 的丰度。我们的结果证实，先前口服 IEC 对断奶大鼠有保护作用，可诱导强烈的免疫反应，从而减轻 诱导的肠道损伤。本研究为预防新生动物肠道感染提供了一种新策略。
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