Castelnovo Veronica, Canu Elisa, De Mattei Filippo, Filippi Massimo, Agosta Federica
Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
ALS Center, SC Neurologia 1U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Front Neurosci. 2023 Apr 5;17:1133758. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1133758. eCollection 2023.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been associated with brain damage involving the primary motor cortices and corticospinal tracts. In the recent decades, most of the research studies in ALS have focused on extra-motor and subcortical brain regions. The aim of these studies was to detect additional biomarkers able to support the diagnosis and to predict disease progression. The involvement of the frontal cortices, mainly in ALS cases who develop cognitive and/or behavioral impairment, is amply recognized in the field. A potential involvement of fronto-temporal and fronto-striatal connectivity changes in the disease evolution has also been reported. On this latter regard, there is still a shortage of studies which investigated basal ganglia (BG) alterations and their role in ALS clinical manifestation and progression. The present review aims to provide an overview on the magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting structural and/or functional BG alterations in patients with ALS, to clarify the role of BG damage in the disease clinical evolution and to propose potential future developments in this field.
肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）传统上与涉及初级运动皮层和皮质脊髓束的脑损伤有关。在最近几十年里，ALS的大多数研究都集中在运动外和皮层下脑区。这些研究的目的是检测能够支持诊断并预测疾病进展的其他生物标志物。额叶皮层的受累，主要在出现认知和/或行为障碍的ALS病例中，在该领域已得到充分认识。也有报道称，额颞和额纹状体连接变化在疾病演变中可能发挥作用。关于后一点，仍缺乏研究来调查基底神经节（BG）的改变及其在ALS临床表现和进展中的作用。本综述旨在概述关于ALS患者BG结构和/或功能改变的磁共振成像研究，阐明BG损伤在疾病临床演变中的作用，并提出该领域未来可能的发展方向。
