Consumers' demand for high-degree food safety obliges the producers to respect health principles and enhance their product quality in the manufacturing process. Food safety refers to the conditions and practices that preserve food quality in order to prevent contamination and foodborne illnesses. This study aimed to investigate farmers' behavior toward on-farm food safety in Iran. So a survey study was conducted on the research population composed of commercial and exporter pistachio growers in Iran of whom 120 were selected. This paper reports the results of this exploratory study to conceptualize the measurement of pistachio growers' farm food safety using the theory of planned behavior. Structural equation modeling (partial least squares) was used to draw the research models and the relationships between latent variables and indicators. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between intention and self-efficacy. The intention is one of the most important variables in determining the planned behavior that has the greatest impact on behavior. Future research on this topic is recommended to use more variables that affect farmers' decision-making processes to form a strong opinion in predicting their behavior. It is crucial to consider some effective interventions such as providing large-scale training and community awareness programs for pistachio growers, particularly with the help of mass media, adopting suitable policy-making for on-farm food safety, and specifically supporting pistachio growers for the implementation of GAP-related practices.