Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BioDrugs. 2023 May;37(3):295-309. doi: 10.1007/s40259-023-00596-4. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, causing approximately 3.6 million hospitalizations per year, and has been associated with long-term pulmonary sequelae for up to 30 years after infection, yet preventative strategies and active treatment options remain elusive. The associated morbidity and healthcare related costs could be decreased substantially with the development of these much-needed medications. After an initial false start in the development of an RSV vaccine, gradual progress is now being made with the development of multiple vaccine candidates using numerous different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV, has recently been registered in the European Union. New novel treatments for RSV infection are also in the pipeline, which would provide the clinician with much needed ammunition in the management of the acute disease. The next few years have the potential to change the landscape of LRTI forever through the prevention and management of RSV LRTI and thereby decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with it. In this review, we discuss these new approaches, current research, and clinical trials in monoclonal antibody and vaccine development against RSV.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是儿童下呼吸道感染（LRTI）最常见的原因，每年导致约 360 万人住院，并且在感染后长达 30 年与长期肺部后遗症相关，然而预防策略和积极的治疗选择仍然难以捉摸。这些急需的药物的开发可以大大降低相关发病率和医疗保健相关成本。在 RSV 疫苗的开发最初出现错误之后，现在通过使用多种不同作用机制的多种候选疫苗，取得了渐进的进展。此外，用于预防 RSV 的新型单克隆抗体 nirsevimab 最近在欧盟注册。用于 RSV 感染的新的新型治疗方法也在研发中，这将为临床医生在急性疾病的管理中提供急需的武器。未来几年，通过预防和管理 RSV LRTI，有可能彻底改变 LRTI 的格局，并降低与之相关的死亡率和发病率。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了针对 RSV 的单克隆抗体和疫苗开发方面的这些新方法、当前研究和临床试验。
