School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(25):66753-66766. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27142-7. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Understanding of the water quality dynamics and their main influence factors is crucial for sustainable water environment management especially in the sensitive ecosystem area. Here, the spatiotemporal dynamic of water quality in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2020 and its relationship with physical geography, human activities, and meteorology were studied by using Pearson correlation test, and a generalized linear model. The results showed that water quality was significantly improved since 2008, which was reflected from the decreasing trend of the permanganate index (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), and increasing trend of the dissolved oxygen (DO). However, the total nitrogen (TN) remained severely polluted with average annual concentration inferior to level V. Spatially speaking, the water quality in the upper and lower reaches was better than that of the middle reaches. The whole basin was severely contaminated by TN with 2.62 ± 1.52, 3.91 ± 1.71, and 2.91 ± 1.20 mg L from upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively. Thus, TN should be paid much attention in the water quality management of the Yellow River Basin. The water quality improvement could be attributed to the reduction of pollution discharges and ecological restoration. Further analysis found the variation of water consumption and increase of forest and wetland area contributed 39.90% and 47.49% for COD and 58.92% and 30.87% for NH-N, respectively. Meteorological variables and total water resources contributed slightly. This study is expected to provide in-depth insights for the water quality dynamics and their response to human activities and natural factors in the Yellow River Basin, which could provide theoretical references for water quality protection and management.
理解水质动态及其主要影响因素对于可持续的水环境管理至关重要，特别是在敏感的生态系统地区。本研究采用 Pearson 相关检验和广义线性模型，研究了 2008 年至 2020 年黄河流域水质的时空动态及其与自然地理、人类活动和气象的关系。结果表明，自 2008 年以来，水质明显改善，高锰酸盐指数（COD）和氨氮（NH-N）呈下降趋势，溶解氧（DO）呈上升趋势。然而，总氮（TN）仍严重污染，年均浓度低于 V 类。空间上，上游和下游的水质优于中游。整个流域 TN 污染严重，上、中、下游 TN 浓度分别为 2.62±1.52、3.91±1.71 和 2.91±1.20 mg·L。因此，在黄河流域水质管理中应高度重视 TN。水质改善可归因于污染排放量的减少和生态恢复。进一步分析发现，用水量的变化和森林及湿地面积的增加分别对 COD 的变化贡献了 39.90%和 47.49%，对 NH-N 的变化贡献了 58.92%和 30.87%。气象变量和水资源总量的贡献较小。本研究有望为黄河流域水质动态及其对人类活动和自然因素的响应提供深入的见解，为水质保护和管理提供理论参考。
