Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Radiology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023 Jul;48(7):2237-2257. doi: 10.1007/s00261-023-03909-x. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Given its crucial location at the crossroads of the gastrointestinal tract, the hepatobiliary system and the splanchnic vessels, the duodenum can be affected by a wide spectrum of abnormalities. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, in conjunction with endoscopy, are often performed to evaluate these conditions, and several duodenal pathologies can be identified on fluoroscopic studies. Since many conditions affecting this organ are asymptomatic, the role of imaging cannot be overemphasized. In this article we will review the imaging features of many conditions affecting the duodenum, focusing on cross-sectional imaging studies, including congenital malformations, such as annular pancreas and intestinal malrotation; vascular pathologies, such as superior mesenteric artery syndrome; inflammatory and infectious conditions; trauma; neoplasms and iatrogenic complications. Because of the complexity of the duodenum, familiarity with the duodenal anatomy and physiology as well as the imaging features of the plethora of conditions affecting this organ is crucial to differentiate those conditions that could be managed medically from the ones that require intervention.
鉴于十二指肠在胃肠道、肝胆系统和内脏血管的交汇处的关键位置，它可能受到广泛的异常影响。通常通过计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）结合内窥镜进行评估，并且可以在荧光检查中识别出几种十二指肠病变。由于许多影响该器官的疾病没有症状，因此影像学的作用不容忽视。在本文中，我们将回顾影响十二指肠的许多疾病的影像学特征，重点介绍横断面成像研究，包括先天性畸形，如环状胰腺和肠旋转不良；血管病变，如肠系膜上动脉综合征；炎症和感染性疾病；创伤；肿瘤和医源性并发症。由于十二指肠的复杂性，熟悉十二指肠的解剖和生理学以及影响该器官的众多疾病的影像学特征对于区分那些可以通过药物治疗的疾病和需要干预的疾病至关重要。
