College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 20;883:163674. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163674. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Conventional composting is a viable method treating agricultural solid waste, and microorganisms and nitrogen transformation are the two major components of this proces. Unfortunately, conventional composting is time-consuming and laborious, and limited efforts have been made to mitigate these problems. Herein, a novel static aerobic composting technology (NSACT) was developed and employed for the composting of cow manure and rice straw mixtures. During the composting process, physicochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate the quality of compost products, and microbial abundance dynamics were determined using high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that NSACT achieved compost maturity within 17 days as the thermophilic stage (≥55 °C) lasted for 11 days. GI, pH, and C/N were 98.71 %, 8.38, and 19.67 in the top layer, 92.32 %, 8.24, and 22.38 in the middle layer, 102.08 %, 8.33, and 19.95 in the bottom layer. These observations indicate compost products maturated and met the requirements of current legislation. Compared with fungi, bacterial communities dominated NSACT composting system. Based on the stepwise verification interaction analysis (SVIA), the novel combination utilization of multiple statistical analyses (Spearman, RDA/CCA, Network modularity, and Path analyses), bacterial genera Norank Anaerolineaceae (-0.9279*), norank Gemmatimonadetes (1.1959*), norank Acidobacteria (0.6137**) and unclassified Proteobacteria (-0.7998*), and fungi genera Myriococcum thermophilum (-0.0445), unclassified Sordariales (-0.0828*), unclassified Lasiosphaeriaceae (-0.4174**), and Coprinopsis calospora (-0.3453*) were the identified key microbial taxa affecting NH-N, NO-N, TKN and C/N transformation in the NSACT composting matrix respectively. This work revealed that NSACT successfully managed cow manure-rice straw wastes and significantly shorten the composting period. Interestingly, most microorganisms observed in this composting matrix acted in a synergistic manner, promoting nitrogen transformation.
传统堆肥是处理农业固体废物的一种可行方法，微生物和氮转化是该过程的两个主要组成部分。不幸的是，传统堆肥耗时费力，并且很少有努力来缓解这些问题。在此，开发了一种新型静态好氧堆肥技术（NSACT），并将其用于牛粪和稻草混合物的堆肥。在堆肥过程中，分析了理化参数以评估堆肥产品的质量，并使用高通量测序技术确定了微生物丰度动态。结果表明，NSACT 在 17 天内达到堆肥成熟度，因为高温阶段（≥55°C）持续了 11 天。顶层 GI、pH 和 C/N 分别为 98.71%、8.38 和 19.67%，中层分别为 92.32%、8.24 和 22.38%，底层分别为 102.08%、8.33 和 19.95%。这些观察表明堆肥产品成熟并符合当前法规的要求。与真菌相比，细菌群落主导 NSACT 堆肥系统。基于逐步验证交互分析（SVIA），采用多种统计分析（Spearman、RDA/CCA、网络模块性和路径分析）的新型组合利用，细菌属 Norank Anaerolineaceae（-0.9279*）、norank Gemmatimonadetes（1.1959*）、norank Acidobacteria（0.6137**）和未分类的 Proteobacteria（-0.7998*），以及真菌属 Myriococcum thermophilum（-0.0445）、未分类的 Sordariales（-0.0828*）、未分类的 Lasiosphaeriaceae（-0.4174**）和 Coprinopsis calospora（-0.3453*）被确定为影响 NSACT 堆肥基质中 NH-N、NO-N、TKN 和 C/N 转化的关键微生物类群。这项工作表明 NSACT 成功地管理了牛粪-稻草废物，并显著缩短了堆肥周期。有趣的是，在这个堆肥基质中观察到的大多数微生物以协同方式作用，促进了氮转化。
