Jankowiak William
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;35(1):16-24. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2176743. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
I argue the impulse to form a dyadic love bond and not the desire for sexual release accounts for the formation of a universality of the pair bond. This impulse is not recent but has been a pervasive force throughout human history. Recently, a reversionist position has argued we are more of a hybrid species that easily and readily shifts between a pair bond and a plural partner family arrangement. Although most humans live out their lives in a sexually monogamous union, it is not something that comes easily or naturally. Sexual monogamy requires adopting an ethical stance and personal dedication to maintain it. This raises the question: if humans need to be vigilant in their moral commitment to remain sexually faithful, does this vigilance extend also to the domain of love? Is it possible to find greater contentment and life-satisfaction in forming simultaneously sexual and emotional unions with a variety of individuals. This is the central question that lies at the core of the pair bond deniers who insist humans are not a pair bond species and can find fulfilment in a pluralistic love bond. I probe (below) the social and emotional nuances associated with what it means to be in an enduring love bond through exploring the social and psychological complexities often associated with being in love. I will then discuss efforts by groups and individuals who have sought to establish social bonds not organised around an exclusive pair bond, and what their efforts reveal about underlying human psychology. My analysis concludes with rendering an assessment of the relative success of the social and personal experiments in the search to find a more fulfilling arena for love.
我认为，形成二元爱情纽带的冲动而非性释放的欲望，是伴侣关系普遍性形成的原因。这种冲动并非近期才出现，而是贯穿人类历史的一种普遍力量。最近，一种复古主义观点认为，我们更像是一个混合物种，能够轻松且自如地在伴侣关系和多元伴侣家庭安排之间转换。尽管大多数人一生都生活在性一夫一妻制的结合中，但这并非轻而易举或自然而然就能实现的。性一夫一妻制需要采取一种道德立场并付出个人奉献才能维持。这就引出了一个问题：如果人类需要在道德承诺上保持警惕以维持性忠诚，那么这种警惕是否也延伸到了爱情领域？是否有可能通过与不同个体同时建立性和情感结合来找到更大的满足感和生活满意度？这是伴侣关系否定者核心的关键问题，他们坚称人类不是伴侣关系物种，能在多元爱情关系中找到满足感。我将通过探讨恋爱中常常涉及的社会和心理复杂性，来探究（下文）与处于持久爱情关系意味着什么相关的社会和情感细微差别。然后，我将讨论一些群体和个人为建立并非围绕排他性伴侣关系组织起来的社会纽带所做的努力，以及他们的努力揭示了人类潜在心理的哪些方面。我的分析最后会对寻找更充实爱情领域的社会和个人实验的相对成功程度进行评估。
