van Peer Willie
Faculty of Languages and Literatures, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;35(1):25-32. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2168521. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
This chapter analyses the concept of (as different from ) in romantic and sexual relationships. It demonstrates that jealousy is both logically and empirically untenable, as it is: (1) a self-contradictory emotion; (2) a self-destructive activity. As to (1) feelings of jealousy are incompatible with true care for the well-being and satisfaction of the loved partner. Logically, the notion of jealousy is self-defeating: it professes to be an expression of love while at the same time forbidding the loved one the freedom to act autonomously, thus killing the very notion of love. As to (2) nearly all empirical data point to the destructive effects to relationships of the feeling of jealousy, Shakespeare's being its archetypal expression and its scathing analysis. The astounding fact, however, is that in many (most?) cultures jealousy is seen as an expression of love, while in reality it is an emanation of possessive feeling void of affection for the person 'loved'. A thorough cultural analysis, coupled to recently available DNA analyses, however, reveal a wholly different picture of extra-pair offspring, fully undermining the foundations upon which the notion of jealousy if based. Recent developments like 'open relationships' and 'polyamory' may be signs of overthrowing the contradictory and destructive aspects of jealousy. They presuppose, however, to undo deeply ingrained social attitudes accompanying love relationships.
本章分析了浪漫和性关系中嫉妒(与羡慕不同)的概念。它表明,嫉妒在逻辑和实证上都是站不住脚的,因为它:(1)是一种自相矛盾的情感;(2)是一种自我毁灭的行为。关于(1),嫉妒的感觉与真正关心所爱伴侣的幸福和满足是不相容的。从逻辑上讲,嫉妒的概念是自我挫败的:它声称是爱的一种表达,同时却又剥夺所爱之人自主行动的自由,从而扼杀了爱的概念本身。关于(2),几乎所有的实证数据都指向嫉妒感对关系的破坏作用,莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》就是其典型表达及其严厉剖析。然而,令人震惊的事实是,在许多(大多数?)文化中,嫉妒被视为爱的一种表达,而实际上它是一种占有欲的流露,对“所爱”之人并无感情。然而,深入的文化分析,再加上最近可用的DNA分析,揭示了婚外后代的完全不同的情况,彻底动摇了嫉妒概念所基于的基础。像“开放式关系”和“多配偶制”这样的最新发展可能是推翻嫉妒的矛盾和破坏方面的迹象。然而,它们预先假定要消除伴随恋爱关系而来的根深蒂固的社会态度。