de Sousa Antônia Flávia Lopes, Paim Raquel Teixeira Terceiro
Nutrição, Centro Universitário Unifametro, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2023 Feb 13;20(4):624-632. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2022-703. eCollection 2022 Oct-Dec.
Food is a physiological necessity for humans and is built on and permeated by many different biological, economic, social, and cultural symbols and phenomena. The basic conditions for adequate nutrition should be associated with cultural and financial values, physical accessibility, flavor, variety, color, and harmony and based on consumption of foods, not exclusively on nutrients. However, changes to the population's profile of consumption and dietary habits are founded on the process of urbanization and industrialization, which plays a fundamental role in this phenomenon, causing lifestyle changes that are linked with stimulus of consumption of industrialized products, with publicity, and with mass marketing. The objective of the study was to investigate the profile of the dietary habits of workers from different occupational categories in Brazil, with a sample of 13 articles. Moreover, research shows that many different categories of workers are subject to nutritional losses because of this new lifestyle. Searches were run on the Google Scholar, LILACS, and SciELO databases for publications during the last 5 years, identifying more than 15 thousand articles, 13 of which were selected as fitting the criteria chosen. Data were collected in April and May of 2020. The inclusion criteria were articles published in Portuguese with the full text available. Exclusion criteria were duplicates and studies with seniors and/or children. It was concluded that the dietary habits of the workers studied are unhealthy and that their consumption profile is widely incompatible with the guiding principles of the Food Guide for the Brazilian population. These people are therefore at increased risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases and morbidity and mortality. There is a need to take more effective interventional action, totally restructuring the educational process to form dietary habits, such as implementing public policies targeting this section of the population, which is so important for national development.
食物是人类的生理必需品，它建立在许多不同的生物、经济、社会和文化符号及现象之上，并与之相互渗透。充足营养的基本条件应与文化和经济价值、实际可获取性、风味、种类、颜色以及协调性相关联，且应以食物的消费为基础，而非仅仅基于营养素。然而，人口消费模式和饮食习惯的变化是基于城市化和工业化进程，这一进程在这一现象中起着根本性作用，并导致生活方式的改变，这些改变与工业化产品消费的刺激、宣传以及大众营销相关联。本研究的目的是调查巴西不同职业类别的工人的饮食习惯特征，样本为13篇文章。此外，研究表明，由于这种新的生活方式，许多不同类别的工人都面临营养流失的问题。在谷歌学术、拉丁美洲和加勒比卫生科学数据库（LILACS）以及科学电子图书馆（SciELO）数据库中搜索了过去5年的出版物，共识别出15000多篇文章，其中13篇被选为符合所选标准的文章。数据于2020年4月和5月收集。纳入标准是用葡萄牙语发表且全文可获取的文章。排除标准是重复文章以及针对老年人和/或儿童的研究。研究得出结论，所研究工人的饮食习惯不健康，他们的消费模式与巴西人口食物指南的指导原则广泛不符。因此，这些人患非传染性慢性病以及发病和死亡的风险增加。有必要采取更有效的干预行动，全面重塑形成饮食习惯的教育过程，例如实施针对这部分对国家发展至关重要的人群的公共政策。
