Kelly Brian C, Vuolo Mike
Purdue University, Dept. of Sociology, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
The Ohio State University, Dept of Sociology, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH, USA 43210.
Drugs Habits Soc Policy. 2023 Mar;24(1):14-25. doi: 10.1108/dhs-04-2022-0019. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
The emergence of fentanyl has deepened concerns about the opioid crisis. The shift has created new distinctions in patterns of opioid use, which may be important for prevention and intervention. We examine socio-demographic correlates as well as health and substance use characteristics of different groups of opioid users.
We utilized the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine distinctions between groups (n=11,142) of individuals who misuse prescription opioids, use heroin but not fentanyl, misuse pharmaceutical fentanyl but not heroin, and use both heroin and fentanyl. Multinomial and logistic regression models were used to identify these distinctions.
Few socio-demographic differences emerged between the prescription opioid group and pharmaceutical fentanyl misuse group. While those who misuse fentanyl have higher odds of using other drugs and experiencing certain mental health problems than those misusing prescription pills, both the heroin and fentanyl-heroin use groups reported considerably poorer health and substance use indicators relative to those who solely misuse fentanyl. It is also notable that both heroin use groups are more highly associated with cocaine and methamphetamine use than those misusing fentanyl alone.
This study highlights distinctions between pharmaceutical fentanyl users, heroin users, and users of both substances.
While we identify important distinctions between the opioid use groups studied, individuals using both heroin and pharmaceutical fentanyl report the poorest health and substance use characteristics. Important differences between the fentanyl-only group and the group who consume both drugs may have implications for prevention, intervention, and clinical work amidst shifting patterns of opioid use.
芬太尼的出现加深了人们对阿片类药物危机的担忧。这种转变在阿片类药物使用模式上产生了新的差异，这可能对预防和干预很重要。我们研究了不同阿片类药物使用群体的社会人口统计学相关因素以及健康和物质使用特征。
我们利用2015 - 2019年全国药物使用和健康调查来研究滥用处方阿片类药物、使用海洛因但不使用芬太尼、滥用药用芬太尼但不使用海洛因以及同时使用海洛因和芬太尼的个体群体（n = 11,142）之间的差异。使用多项和逻辑回归模型来识别这些差异。
处方阿片类药物组和药用芬太尼滥用组之间几乎没有出现社会人口统计学差异。虽然滥用芬太尼的人比滥用处方药的人有更高的几率使用其他药物并经历某些心理健康问题，但海洛因和海洛因 - 芬太尼使用组报告的健康和物质使用指标相对于仅滥用芬太尼的人要差得多。同样值得注意的是，两个海洛因使用组与可卡因和甲基苯丙胺使用的关联比仅滥用芬太尼的组更高。
本研究突出了药用芬太尼使用者、海洛因使用者以及两种物质都使用的使用者之间的差异。
虽然我们确定了所研究的阿片类药物使用群体之间的重要差异，但同时使用海洛因和药用芬太尼的个体报告的健康和物质使用特征最差。仅使用芬太尼组和同时使用两种药物组之间的重要差异可能对阿片类药物使用模式转变中的预防、干预和临床工作产生影响。
