Pallentin Vanessa S, Danner Daniel, Rummel Jan
Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstr. 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Section Psychology, University of Applied Labour Studies, Seckenheimer Landstr. 16, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
J Intell. 2023 Apr 18;11(4):73. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence11040073.
Figural matrices tests are among the most popular and well-investigated tests used to assess inductive reasoning abilities. Solving these tests requires the selection of a target that completes a figural matrix among distractors. Despite their generally good psychometric properties, previous matrices tests have limitations associated with distractor construction that prevent them from realizing their full potential. Most tests allow participants to identify the correct response by eliminating distractors based on superficial features. The goal of this study was to develop a novel figural matrices test which is less prone to the use of response elimination strategies, and to test its psychometric properties. The new test consists of 48 items and was validated with = 767 participants. Measurement models implied that the test is Rasch scalable, inferring a uniform underlying ability. The test showed good to very good reliability (retest-correlation: = 0.88; Cronbach's alpha: = 0.93; split-half reliability: = 0.88) and good construct validity ( = 0.81 with the Raven Progressive Matrices Test, = 0.73 with global intelligence scores of the Intelligence Structure Test 2000R, and = 0.58 with the global score of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Test). It even superseded the Raven Progressive Matrices Tests in criterion-related validity (correlation with final year high school grades ( = -0.49 < .001)). We conclude that this novel test has excellent psychometric properties and can be a valuable tool for researchers interested in reasoning assessment.
图形矩阵测试是用于评估归纳推理能力的最受欢迎且研究充分的测试之一。解决这些测试需要在干扰项中选择一个能完成图形矩阵的目标项。尽管它们通常具有良好的心理测量特性，但先前的矩阵测试存在与干扰项构建相关的局限性，这阻碍了它们充分发挥潜力。大多数测试允许参与者通过基于表面特征排除干扰项来识别正确答案。本研究的目的是开发一种不易使用排除答案策略的新型图形矩阵测试，并测试其心理测量特性。新测试由48个项目组成，并对767名参与者进行了验证。测量模型表明该测试具有拉施量表性，推断出一种统一的潜在能力。该测试显示出良好到非常好的信度（重测相关性：r = 0.88；克朗巴哈系数：α = 0.93；分半信度：r = 0.88）和良好的结构效度（与瑞文渐进矩阵测试的相关性：r = 0.81；与2000R智力结构测试的总体智力得分的相关性：r = 0.73；与柏林智力结构测试的总体得分的相关性：r = 0.58）。在效标关联效度方面，它甚至超过了瑞文渐进矩阵测试（与高中最后一年成绩的相关性：r = -0.49，p <.001）。我们得出结论，这种新型测试具有出色的心理测量特性，对于对推理评估感兴趣的研究人员而言可能是一种有价值的工具。
