Schmidt Frank L, Hunter John
Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Jan;86(1):162-73. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.162.
The psychological construct of general mental ability (GMA), introduced by C. Spearman (1904) nearly 100 years ago, has enjoyed a resurgence of interest and attention in recent decades. This article presents the research evidence that GMA predicts both occupational level attained and performance within one's chosen occupation and does so better than any other ability, trait, or disposition and better than job experience. The sizes of these relationships with GMA are also larger than most found in psychological research. Evidence is presented that weighted combinations of specific aptitudes tailored to individual jobs do not predict job performance better than GMA alone, disconfirming specific aptitude theory. A theory of job performance is described that explicates the central role of GMA in the world of work. These findings support Spearman's proposition that GMA is of critical importance in human affairs.
大约100年前由C. 斯皮尔曼（1904年）提出的一般心理能力（GMA）这一心理概念，在近几十年再度引起了人们的兴趣和关注。本文展示了相关研究证据，即GMA既能预测所达到的职业水平，又能预测在所选职业中的表现，而且在这两方面的预测能力都优于其他任何能力、特质或性情，也优于工作经验。这些与GMA的关系程度也比大多数心理学研究中发现的要大。有证据表明，针对个别工作量身定制的特定能力的加权组合，在预测工作表现方面并不比单独的GMA更好，这对特定能力理论构成了反驳。本文描述了一种工作表现理论，该理论阐述了GMA在工作领域中的核心作用。这些发现支持了斯皮尔曼的观点，即GMA在人类事务中至关重要。
