Woszczyło Martyna, Pasikowski Paweł, Devaraj Sankarganesh, Kokocińska Agata, Szumny Antoni, Skwark Marcin J, Niżański Wojciech, Dzięcioł Michał
Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
Captor Therapeutics Inc., Duńska 11, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland.
Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 14;10(4):292. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10040292.
The presence and identity of non-volatile chemical signals remain elusive in canines. In this study, we aim to evaluate the urinary proteins of female domestic dogs in the estrus and anestrus phases to evidence the presence of non-volatile chemical signals and to elucidate their identities. We collected urine samples from eight female dogs in the estrus and anestrus phases. A total of 240 proteins were identified in the urine samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS analysis). The comparison of the proteins revealed a significant difference between the estrus and anestrus urine. We identified proteins belonging to the lipocalin family of canines (beta-lactoglobulin-1 and beta-lactoglobulin-2, P33685 and P33686, respectively), one of whose function was the transport of pheromones and which was present only in the estrus urine samples. Moreover, proteins such as Clusterin (CLU), Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), and Proenkephalin (PENK) were more abundant in the estrus urine when compared to the anestrus urine. LEAP2 was recently described as a ghrelin receptor antagonist and implicated in regulating food intake and body weight in humans and mice. Proenkephalin, a polypeptide hormone cleaved into opioid peptides, was also recognized as a candidate to determine kidney function. As of yet, none of these have played a role in chemical communication. Clusterin, an extracellular chaperone protecting from protein aggregation implicated in stress-induced cell apoptosis, is a plausible candidate in chemical communication, which is a claim that needs to be ascertained further. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD040418.
在犬类中，非挥发性化学信号的存在及其特性仍不明确。在本研究中，我们旨在评估处于发情期和非发情期的雌性家犬尿液中的蛋白质，以证明非挥发性化学信号的存在并阐明其特性。我们收集了处于发情期和非发情期的八只雌性犬的尿液样本。使用液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC - MS分析）在尿液样本中总共鉴定出240种蛋白质。蛋白质的比较显示发情期和非发情期尿液之间存在显著差异。我们鉴定出属于犬类脂联素家族的蛋白质（分别为β - 乳球蛋白 - 1和β - 乳球蛋白 - 2，P33685和P33686），其功能之一是运输信息素，且仅存在于发情期尿液样本中。此外，与非发情期尿液相比，诸如簇集蛋白（CLU）、肝脏表达抗菌肽2（LEAP2）和脑啡肽原（PENK）等蛋白质在发情期尿液中更为丰富。LEAP2最近被描述为一种胃饥饿素受体拮抗剂，并与调节人类和小鼠的食物摄入及体重有关。脑啡肽原是一种裂解为阿片肽的多肽激素，也被认为是确定肾功能的候选物质。到目前为止，这些物质均未在化学通讯中发挥作用。簇集蛋白是一种细胞外伴侣蛋白，可防止蛋白质聚集，与应激诱导的细胞凋亡有关，它是化学通讯中一个合理的候选物质，这一说法有待进一步确定。数据可通过ProteomeXchange获取，标识符为PXD040418。
