Haaland C M
Health Phys. 1986 Jun;50(6):705-20. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198606000-00002.
After a nuclear attack it may be necessary for emergency workers, such as firemen, utility workers and medical personnel, to perform urgent tasks in areas highly contaminated by radioactive fallout. To assist the control of radiation exposure of these workers, it will be useful to provide means to forecast radiation exposures both inside and outside the fallout shelter. The method described in this paper is intended for use during the first few days to weeks after the attack, after which time more sophisticated methods may become available. This method requires only a radiation-rate meter, special graph paper, and a timepiece. Communications with Emergency Operating Centers or other sources of information are not necessary. The method permits the determination of the age of fallout and future exposure rates for a location that might be subjected to a number of different fallout clouds, without requiring knowledge of the weapon yields or times of detonation. This method will provide results with less accuracy if different-aged fallout clouds arrive simultaneously. The method is self-correcting so that if the actual decay rate is different than that which is assumed, the forecasted rates will have less error than results obtained by previous methods.
在遭受核攻击后，消防员、公用事业工人和医务人员等应急工作者可能需要在放射性沉降物高度污染的区域执行紧急任务。为帮助控制这些工作者的辐射暴露，提供预测沉降物掩体内外辐射暴露的方法将很有用。本文所述方法旨在用于攻击后的头几天至几周，之后可能会有更复杂的方法可用。此方法仅需一个辐射率计、特殊方格纸和一个时钟。无需与应急行动中心或其他信息源进行通信。该方法可确定沉降物的年龄以及可能受到多种不同沉降物云影响的地点的未来暴露率，而无需了解武器当量或爆炸时间。如果不同年龄的沉降物云同时到达，此方法提供的结果准确性会较低。该方法具有自我修正功能，因此如果实际衰变率与假设的不同，预测率的误差将比以前方法获得的结果更小。
