Schüler Ina Manuela, Hennig Christoph-Ludwig, Buschek Rika, Scherbaum Rebecca, Jacobs Collin, Scheithauer Marcel, Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Section Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.
J Pers Med. 2023 Apr 20;13(4):692. doi: 10.3390/jpm13040692.
Dental radiographs are valuable diagnostic aids for oral healthcare, but exposure to ionizing radiation carries health risks, especially in children due to their high radio-sensitivity. Valid reference values for intraoral radiographs in children and adolescents are still missing. This study aimed to investigate the radiation dose values and underlying justifications of dental, bitewing and occlusal X-rays in children and adolescents. Data from routinely executed intraoral radiographs between 2002 and 2020 with conventional and digital tube-heads were extracted from the Radiology Information System. The effective exposure was calculated from technical parameters and statistical tests performed. A total number of 4455 intraoral (3128 dental, 903 bitewing and 424 occlusal) radiographs were investigated. For dental and bitewing radiographs, the dose area product (DAP) was 2.57 cGy × cm and the effective dose (ED) 0.77 µSv. For occlusal radiographs, the DAP was 7.43 cGy × cm and the ED 2.22 µSv. Overall, 70.2% of all intraoral radiographs were dental, 20.3% bitewing and 9.5% occlusal radiographs. The most frequent indication for intraoral radiographs was trauma (28.7%), followed by caries (22.7%) and apical diagnostics (22.7%). Moreover, 59.7% of all intraoral radiographs were taken in boys, especially for trauma (66.5%) and endodontics (67.2%) ( ≤ 0.00). Girls were significantly more frequently X-rayed for caries diagnostics than boys (28.1% vs. 19.1%, ≤ 0.00). The average ED of 0.77 µSv for intraoral dental and bitewing radiographs in this study was within the range of other reported values. The technical parameters of the X-ray devices were found at the lowest recommended levels to best limit the radiation exposure and to assure acceptable diagnostic efficacy. Intraoral radiographs were performed predominantly for trauma, caries and apical diagnostics-reflecting general recommendations for the use of X-rays in children. For improved quality assurance and radiation protection, further studies are necessary to determine the meaningful dose reference level (DRL) for children.
口腔X光片是口腔医疗保健中很有价值的诊断辅助工具，但暴露于电离辐射会带来健康风险，尤其是对儿童而言，因为他们的辐射敏感性很高。目前仍缺乏儿童和青少年口腔X光片的有效参考值。本研究旨在调查儿童和青少年牙科、咬合翼片和牙合片X线检查的辐射剂量值及相关依据。从放射信息系统中提取了2002年至2020年间使用传统和数字管头进行的常规口腔X光片数据。根据技术参数计算有效暴露量并进行统计测试。共调查了4455张口腔X光片（3128张牙科片、903张咬合翼片和424张牙合片）。对于牙科和咬合翼片X光片，剂量面积乘积（DAP）为2.57 cGy×cm，有效剂量（ED）为0.77 µSv。对于牙合片，DAP为7.43 cGy×cm，ED为2.22 µSv。总体而言，所有口腔X光片中70.2%为牙科片，20.3%为咬合翼片，9.5%为牙合片。口腔X光片最常见的适应症是创伤（28.7%），其次是龋齿（22.7%）和根尖诊断（22.7%）。此外，所有口腔X光片中59.7%是为男孩拍摄的，尤其是创伤（66.5%）和牙髓病学检查（67.2%）（P≤0.00）。女孩因龋齿诊断进行X光检查的频率明显高于男孩（28.1%对19.1%，P≤0.00）。本研究中口腔牙科和咬合翼片X光片的平均有效剂量0.77 µSv在其他报告值范围内。发现X光设备的技术参数处于最低推荐水平，以最好地限制辐射暴露并确保可接受的诊断效果。口腔X光片主要用于创伤、龋齿和根尖诊断，这反映了儿童使用X光的一般建议。为了改进质量保证和辐射防护，有必要进行进一步研究以确定儿童有意义的剂量参考水平（DRL）。
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