Hennig Christoph-Ludwig, Schüler Ina Manuela, Scherbaum Rebecca, Buschek Rika, Scheithauer Marcel, Jacobs Collin, Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Section Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jan 20;13(3):394. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030394.
Children are exposed to ionizing radiation through radiographs during their development for various reasons. At present, there are no officially valid reference values for dental X-rays in children and adolescents for dental X-ray diagnostics. This study retrospectively examined 9680 extraoral dental radiographs in pediatric patients between 2002 and 2020. The aim was to analyze the radiation doses in pediatric patients, which indications were used, and whether there were specific age and gender differences. The evaluation showed that radiation doses were considered low, with dose area products of 2.2 cGy × cm for a lateral cephalogram, 14 cGy × cm for an orthopantomogram (OPG), and 45 cGy × cm for cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). This corresponds to an effective dose of 1.5 μSv for a lateral cephalogram, 7 μSv for an OPG, and 33.8 μSv for CBCT. Of the 9680 images, 78% were orthopantomograms, and only 0.4% were CBCT images. OPG has become more important over the years, as reflected in the indication. Approximately one-third of all extraoral exposures are orthodontic indications. Overall, the indications were similar for both genders. According to the dental indications, boys were X-rayed slightly more frequently than girls (54.5-45.5%). A future publication of dose guide values and corresponding guidelines is of high priority.
儿童在发育过程中会因各种原因通过X光片接触电离辐射。目前，在儿童和青少年牙科X光诊断中，尚无官方有效的牙科X光参考值。本研究回顾性分析了2002年至2020年间儿科患者的9680张口腔外牙科X光片。目的是分析儿科患者的辐射剂量、使用了哪些适应症，以及是否存在特定的年龄和性别差异。评估显示，辐射剂量被认为较低，头颅侧位片的剂量面积乘积为2.2 cGy×cm，全景片（OPG）为14 cGy×cm，锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）为45 cGy×cm。这相当于头颅侧位片的有效剂量为1.5 μSv，OPG为7 μSv，CBCT为33.8 μSv。在9680张图像中，78%为全景片，只有0.4%为CBCT图像。多年来，OPG变得更加重要，这在适应症中有所体现。所有口腔外照射中约三分之一是正畸适应症。总体而言，男女的适应症相似。根据牙科适应症，男孩接受X光检查的频率略高于女孩（54.5 - 45.5%）。未来发布剂量指导值和相应指南具有高度优先性。
