Ahmed Mohamed M Z, El-Sayed Seleman Mohamed M, Fydrych Dariusz, Çam Gürel
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Apr 8;16(8):2971. doi: 10.3390/ma16082971.
The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process as a relatively new solid-state welding technology in the aerospace industry has pushed forward several developments in different related aspects of this strategic industry. In terms of the FSW process itself, due to the geometric limitations involved in the conventional FSW process, many variants have been required over time to suit the different types of geometries and structures, which has resulted in the development of numerous variants such as refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW), and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). In terms of FSW machines, significant development has occurred in the new design and adaptation of the existing machining equipment through the use of their structures or the new and specially designed FSW heads. In terms of the most used materials in the aerospace industry, there has been development of new high strength-to-weight ratios such as the 3rd generation aluminum-lithium alloys that have become successfully weldable by FSW with fewer welding defects and a significant improvement in the weld quality and geometric accuracy. The purpose of this article is to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the application of the FSW process to join materials used in the aerospace industry and to identify gaps in the state of the art. This work describes the fundamental techniques and tools necessary to make soundly welded joints. Typical applications of FSW processes are surveyed, including friction stir spot welding, RFSSW, SSFSW, BTFSW, and underwater FSW. Conclusions and suggestions for future development are proposed.
搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）工艺作为航空航天工业中一项相对较新的固态焊接技术，推动了这一战略产业不同相关领域的多项发展。就FSW工艺本身而言，由于传统FSW工艺存在几何限制，随着时间的推移需要许多变体来适应不同类型的几何形状和结构，这导致了大量变体的发展，如回填充搅拌摩擦点焊（RFSSW）、固定轴肩搅拌摩擦焊（SSFSW）和轴肩搅拌摩擦焊（BTFSW）。就FSW机器而言，通过利用现有加工设备的结构或新的专门设计的FSW焊头，在新设计和现有加工设备的适应性方面取得了重大进展。就航空航天工业中最常用的材料而言，已经开发出了新的高强度重量比材料，如第三代铝锂合金，这些合金已通过FSW成功焊接，焊接缺陷更少，焊接质量和几何精度有了显著提高。本文的目的是总结关于FSW工艺在航空航天工业中连接材料应用的知识现状，并找出现有技术中的差距。这项工作描述了制造优质焊接接头所需的基本技术和工具。对FSW工艺的典型应用进行了调查，包括搅拌摩擦点焊、RFSSW、SSFSW、BTFSW和水下FSW。提出了未来发展的结论和建议。
