Hoeve-Bakker B J A, van den Berg Oda E, Doppenberg H S, van der Klis Fiona R M, van den Wijngaard Cees C, Kluytmans Jan A J W, Thijsen Steven F T, Kerkhof Karen
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Microorganisms. 2023 Apr 20;11(4):1081. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11041081.
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is not notifiable in many European countries, and accurate data on the incidence are often lacking. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of sensu lato (s.l.)-specific antibodies in the general population of The Netherlands, and to determine risk factors associated with seropositivity. Sera and questionnaires were obtained from participants (n = 5592, aged 0-88 years) enrolled in a nationwide serosurveillance study. The sera were tested for s.l.-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA and immunoblot. Seroprevalence was estimated controlling for the survey design. Risk factors for seropositivity were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed-effect model. In 2016/2017, the seroprevalence in The Netherlands was 4.4% (95% CI 3.5-5.2). Estimates were higher in men (5.7% [95% CI 4.4-7.2]) than in women (3.1% [95% CI 2.0-4.0]), and increased with age from 2.6% (95% CI 1.4-4.4) in children to 7.7% (95% CI 5.9-7.9) in 60- to 88-year-olds. The seroprevalence for s.l. in the general population in The Netherlands was comparable to rates reported in European countries. The main risk factors for seropositivity were increasing age, being male and the tick bite frequency. The dynamics of LB infection are complex and involve variables from various disciplines. This could be further elucidated using infectious disease modelling.
莱姆病（LB）在许多欧洲国家并非法定报告疾病，因此常常缺乏关于发病率的准确数据。本研究旨在确定荷兰普通人群中博氏疏螺旋体广义（s.l.）特异性抗体的血清阳性率，并确定与血清阳性相关的风险因素。从参与一项全国性血清学监测研究的参与者（n = 5592，年龄0 - 88岁）中获取血清和问卷。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和免疫印迹法检测血清中的s.l.特异性IgM和IgG抗体。根据调查设计对血清阳性率进行估计。使用广义线性混合效应模型分析血清阳性的风险因素。2016/2017年，荷兰的血清阳性率为4.4%（95%置信区间3.5 - 5.2）。男性的估计值（5.7% [95%置信区间4.4 - 7.2]）高于女性（3.1% [95%置信区间2.0 - 4.0]），并且随着年龄增长而增加，从儿童中的2.6%（95%置信区间1.4 - 4.4）增至60至88岁人群中的7.7%（95%置信区间5.9 - 7.9）。荷兰普通人群中s.l.的血清阳性率与欧洲国家报告的比率相当。血清阳性的主要风险因素是年龄增长、男性以及蜱叮咬频率。莱姆病感染的动态过程很复杂，涉及多个学科的变量。这可以通过传染病建模进一步阐明。
