Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan.
Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 11;28(8):3367. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083367.
Genetically modified plants and crops can contribute to remarkable increase in global food supply, with improved yield and resistance to plant diseases or insect pests. The development of biotechnology introducing exogenous nucleic acids in transgenic plants is important for plant health management. Different genetic engineering methods for DNA delivery, such as biolistic methods, -mediated transformation, and other physicochemical methods have been developed to improve translocation across the plasma membrane and cell wall in plants. Recently, the peptide-based gene delivery system, mediated by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has been regarded as a promising non-viral tool for efficient and stable gene transfection into both animal and plant cells. CPPs are short peptides with diverse sequences and functionalities, capable of agitating plasma membrane and entering cells. Here, we highlight recent research and ideas on diverse types of CPPs, which have been applied in DNA delivery in plants. Various basic, amphipathic, cyclic, and branched CPPs were designed, and modifications of functional groups were performed to enhance DNA interaction and stabilization in transgenesis. CPPs were able to carry cargoes in either a covalent or noncovalent manner and to internalize CPP/cargo complexes into cells by either direct membrane translocation or endocytosis. Importantly, subcellular targets of CPP-mediated nucleic acid delivery were reviewed. CPPs offer transfection strategies and influence transgene expression at subcellular localizations, such as in plastids, mitochondria, and the nucleus. In summary, the technology of CPP-mediated gene delivery provides a potent and useful tool to genetically modified plants and crops of the future.
转基因植物和作物可以显著增加全球粮食供应，提高产量，增强对植物疾病或虫害的抵抗力。将外源核酸引入转基因植物的生物技术的发展对于植物健康管理很重要。已经开发了不同的基因工程方法来递送 DNA，例如弹道方法、介导的转化和其他物理化学方法，以提高植物中外源核酸的质膜和细胞壁的通透性。最近，基于肽的基因传递系统，通过细胞穿透肽（CPP）介导，已被认为是一种有前途的非病毒工具，可有效且稳定地将基因转染到动物和植物细胞中。CPP 是具有不同序列和功能的短肽，能够搅动质膜并进入细胞。在这里，我们强调了最近在 CPP 应用于植物 DNA 递送方面的各种研究和思路。设计了各种碱性、两亲性、环状和分支 CPP，并对功能基团进行修饰，以增强 DNA 相互作用和转基因中的稳定性。CPP 可以以共价或非共价的方式携带货物，并通过直接膜转位或内吞作用将 CPP/货物复合物内化到细胞中。重要的是，我们综述了 CPP 介导的核酸递送的亚细胞靶标。CPP 提供了转染策略，并影响亚细胞定位（如质体、线粒体和细胞核）中的转基因表达。总之，CPP 介导的基因传递技术为未来的转基因植物和作物提供了一种强大而有用的工具。
