College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 13;28(8):3432. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083432.
Ionic liquids are a class of organic molten salts that consist entirely of cations and anions. They are characterized by their low vapor pressure, low viscosity, low toxicity, high thermal stability, and strong antifungal potential. In this study, the inhibitory performance of ionic liquid cations against Penicillium citrinum, Trichoderma viride, and Aspergillus niger was investigated, along with the mechanism of cell membrane disruption. The Oxford cup method, SEM, and TEM were employed to examine the extent of damage and the specific site of action of ionic liquids on the mycelium and cell structure of these fungi. The results showed that 1-decyl-3-methylimidazole had a strong inhibitory effect on ; benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride had a weak inhibitory effect on , , , and a mixed culture; while dodecylpyridinium chloride exhibited significant inhibitory effects on , , , and Mix, with more prominent effects observed on and Mix, exhibiting MIC values of 5.37 mg/mL, 5.05 mg/mL, 5.10 mg/mL, and 5.23 mg/mL, respectively. The mycelium of the mildews showed drying, partial loss, distortion, and uneven thickness. The cell structure showed separation of the plasma wall. The absorbance of the extracellular fluid of and reached the maximum after 30 min, while that of reached the maximum after 60 min. The pH of the extracellular fluid decreased initially and then increased within 60 min, followed by a continuous decrease. These findings provide important insights for the application of ionic liquid antifungal agents in bamboo, medicine, and food.
离子液体是一类完全由阳离子和阴离子组成的有机熔融盐。它们的特点是蒸气压低、粘度低、毒性低、热稳定性高、抗真菌潜力强。在这项研究中，研究了离子液体阳离子对桔青霉、绿色木霉和黑曲霉的抑制性能，以及细胞膜破坏的机制。采用牛津杯法、SEM 和 TEM 研究了离子液体对这些真菌菌丝和细胞结构的损伤程度和作用部位。结果表明，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑对 具有很强的抑制作用；苄基二甲基十二烷基氯化铵对 、 、和混合培养物具有较弱的抑制作用；而十二烷基吡啶氯对 、 、和 Mix 具有显著的抑制作用，对 和 Mix 的抑制作用更为明显，MIC 值分别为 5.37 mg/mL、5.05 mg/mL、5.10 mg/mL 和 5.23 mg/mL。霉菌的菌丝表现出干燥、部分丧失、变形和不均匀厚度。细胞结构显示出质膜分离。 和 的胞外液吸光度在 30 分钟后达到最大值，而 的胞外液吸光度在 60 分钟后达到最大值。胞外液的 pH 值在 60 分钟内先降低后升高，然后持续下降。这些发现为离子液体抗真菌剂在竹材、医药和食品中的应用提供了重要的见解。
