Department of Technology of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 21;28(8):3614. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083614.
The roots of the medicinal plant are rich in biologically active natural products, with triterpene saponins constituting one of their major groups. These metabolites can be efficiently extracted by methanol and ethanol. Due to their low toxicity, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were recently proposed as promising alternative extractants for the isolation of natural products from medicinal plants. However, although NADES-based extraction protocols are becoming common in routine phytochemical work, their application in the isolation of triterpene saponins has not yet been addressed. Therefore, here, we address the potential of NADES in the extraction of triterpene saponins from the roots of . For this purpose, the previously reported recoveries of triterpene saponins in extraction experiments with seven different acid-based NADES were addressed by a targeted LC-MS-based quantitative approach for, to the best of our knowledge, the first time. Thereby, 20 triterpene saponins were annotated by their exact mass and characteristic fragmentation patterns in the total root material, root bark and root core of by RP-UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS, with 9 of them being identified in the roots of this plant for the first time. Triterpene saponins were successfully extracted from all tested NADES, with the highest efficiency (both in terms of the numbers and recoveries of individual analytes) achieved using a 1:1 mixture of choline chloride and malic acid, as well as a 1:3 mixture of choline chloride and lactic acid. Thereby, for 13 metabolites, NADES were more efficient extractants in comparison with water and ethanol. Our results indicate that new, efficient NADES-based extraction protocols, giving access to high recoveries of triterpene saponins, might be efficiently employed in laboratory practice. Thus, our data open the prospect of replacing alcohols with NADES in the extraction of roots.
药用植物的根富含具有生物活性的天然产物，其中三萜皂苷是其主要成分之一。这些代谢产物可以通过甲醇和乙醇有效地提取。由于其低毒性，天然深共晶溶剂（NADES）最近被提议作为从药用植物中分离天然产物的有前途的替代提取剂。然而，尽管基于 NADES 的提取方案在常规植物化学工作中变得越来越普遍，但它们在三萜皂苷分离中的应用尚未得到解决。因此，在这里，我们研究了 NADES 在从 根中提取三萜皂苷方面的潜力。为此，我们通过靶向 LC-MS 定量方法，针对以前报道的七种不同酸基 NADES 提取实验中的 回收率进行了研究，据我们所知，这是首次针对这种植物进行的研究。通过反相超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆飞行时间质谱（RP-UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS），在总根材料、根皮和根芯中，根据其精确质量和特征碎片模式，对 20 种三萜皂苷进行了注释，其中 9 种是首次在这种植物的根中鉴定出来的。所有测试的 NADES 都能成功地提取三萜皂苷，其中胆碱氯化物和苹果酸 1:1 混合物以及胆碱氯化物和乳酸 1:3 混合物的效率最高（无论是单个分析物的数量还是回收率）。因此，与水和乙醇相比，13 种代谢物中，NADES 是更有效的提取剂。我们的结果表明，新的、高效的基于 NADES 的提取方案可能在实验室实践中有效地用于获得高回收率的三萜皂苷。因此，我们的数据为用 NADES 替代醇类在 根的提取中提供了可能。
