School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 7;23(8):3792. doi: 10.3390/s23083792.
Low-overhead, robust, and fast-convergent time synchronization is important for resource-constrained large-scale industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). The consensus-based time synchronization method with strong robustness has been paid more attention in wireless sensor networks. However, high communication overhead and slow convergence speed are inherent drawbacks for consensus time synchronization due to inefficient frequent iterations. In this paper, a novel time synchronization algorithm for IWSNs with a mesh-star architecture is proposed, namely, fast and low-overhead time synchronization (FLTS). The proposed FLTS divides the synchronization phase into two layers: mesh layer and star layer. A few resourceful routing nodes in the upper mesh layer undertake the low-efficiency average iteration, and the massive low-power sensing nodes in the star layer synchronize with the mesh layer in a passive monitoring manner. Therefore, a faster convergence and lower communication overhead time synchronization is achieved. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e., ATS, GTSP, and CCTS.
低开销、鲁棒性强且快速收敛的时间同步对于资源受限的大规模工业无线传感器网络（IWSN）非常重要。基于共识的时间同步方法因其具有较强的鲁棒性，在无线传感器网络中受到了更多关注。然而，由于低效的频繁迭代，共识时间同步存在着高通信开销和慢收敛速度的固有缺点。本文提出了一种用于具有网格-星型结构的 IWSN 的新型时间同步算法，即快速低开销时间同步（FLTS）。所提出的 FLTS 将同步阶段分为两层：网格层和星层。在上层的几个资源丰富的路由节点中进行低效的平均迭代，而星型层中的大量低功耗传感节点以被动监测的方式与网格层同步。因此，实现了更快的收敛速度和更低的通信开销时间同步。理论分析和仿真结果表明，与最先进的算法（即 ATS、GTSP 和 CCTS）相比，所提出的算法具有效率优势。
