University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 20;23(8):4128. doi: 10.3390/s23084128.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide; therefore, there is an increased need for the discovery, development, optimization, and quantification of diagnostic biomarkers that can improve the disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) allow the characterization of the genetic features and screening breast cancer patients. Electrochemical biosensors offer excellent platforms for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, use of small analyte volumes, and easy miniaturization. In this context, this article provides an exhaustive review concerning the electrochemical methods of characterization and quantification of different miRNAs and BRCA1 breast cancer biomarkers using electrochemical DNA biosensors based on the detection of hybridization events between a DNA or peptide nucleic acid probe and the target nucleic acid sequence. The fabrication approaches, the biosensors architectures, the signal amplification strategies, the detection techniques, and the key performance parameters, such as the linearity range and the limit of detection, were discussed.
乳腺癌是全球女性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因；因此，人们越来越需要发现、开发、优化和量化诊断生物标志物，以改善疾病的诊断、预后和治疗效果。循环无细胞核酸生物标志物，如 microRNAs（miRNAs）和乳腺癌易感基因 1（BRCA1），可以用于描述遗传特征和筛查乳腺癌患者。电化学生物传感器由于具有高灵敏度和选择性、低成本、使用小体积分析物以及易于小型化等特点，为检测乳腺癌生物标志物提供了极好的平台。在这种情况下，本文提供了一个详尽的综述，涉及使用基于 DNA 或肽核酸探针与靶核酸序列杂交事件检测的电化学 DNA 生物传感器对不同 miRNAs 和 BRCA1 乳腺癌生物标志物的电化学表征和定量方法。讨论了制备方法、生物传感器结构、信号放大策略、检测技术以及关键性能参数，如线性范围和检测限。
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