Alkharaan Hassan, Al-Qarni Hatem, Aldosari Muath A, Alsaloum Mohammed, Aldakheel Ghada, Alenazi Mohammed W, Alharbi Naif Khalaf
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 28;11(4):744. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040744.
To date, little is known about the salivary mucosal immune response following different COVID-19 vaccine types or after a booster (3rd) dose of the BNT162b2 (BNT) vaccine. A total of 301 saliva samples were collected from vaccinated individuals and arranged into two cohorts: cohort 1 ( = 145), samples from individuals who had received two doses against SARS-CoV-2; cohort 2 ( = 156), samples from individuals who had received a booster of BNT vaccine. Cohorts 1 and 2 were sub-stratified into three groups based on the types of first and second doses (homologous BNT/BNT, homologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1, or heterologous BNT/ChAdOx1vaccinations). Salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein was measured by ELISA, and clinical demographic data were collected from hospital records or questionnaires. Salivary IgG antibody responses against different vaccines, whether homologous or heterogeneous vaccination regimens, showed similar levels in cohorts 1 and 2. Compiling all groups in cohort 1 and 2 showed significant, albeit weak, negative correlations between salivary IgG levels and time (r = -0.2, = 0.03; r = -0.27, = 0.003, respectively). In cohort 2, the durability of salivary IgG after a booster dose of BNT162b2 significantly dropped after 3 months compared to the <1 month and 1-3 months groups. Different COVID-19 vaccine types and regimens elicit similar salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with modest waning over time. Boosting with BNT162b2 vaccine did not produce an evident increase in mucosal IgG response whereby COVID-19 recovered subjects show higher salivary IgG than naive, post-vaccination subjects. The ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1 regimen showed better correlation between salivary IgG levels and durability. These findings highlight the importance of developing oral or intra-nasal vaccines to induce stronger mucosal immunity.
迄今为止，对于不同类型的新冠疫苗接种后或接种第三剂BNT162b2（BNT）疫苗加强针后的唾液黏膜免疫反应，人们了解甚少。研究人员从接种疫苗的个体中总共收集了301份唾液样本，并将其分为两个队列：队列1（n = 145），来自接种了两剂抗SARS-CoV-2疫苗的个体的样本；队列2（n = 156），来自接种了BNT疫苗加强针的个体的样本。根据第一剂和第二剂疫苗的类型，队列1和队列2又被细分为三组（同源BNT/BNT、同源ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1或异源BNT/ChAdOx1疫苗接种）。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测唾液中针对SARS-CoV-2刺突糖蛋白的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）反应，并从医院记录或问卷中收集临床人口统计学数据。队列1和队列2中，无论同源或异源疫苗接种方案，针对不同疫苗的唾液IgG反应水平相似。汇总队列1和队列2中的所有组发现，唾液IgG水平与时间之间存在显著但微弱的负相关（r分别为-0.2，P = 0.03；r为-0.27，P = 0.003）。在队列2中，与<1个月和1 - 3个月组相比，接种BNT162b2加强针后3个月时，唾液IgG水平的持久性显著下降。不同类型的新冠疫苗和接种方案引发相似的唾液抗SARS-CoV-2 IgG反应，且随着时间推移反应略有减弱。接种BNT162b2疫苗加强针并未使黏膜IgG反应明显增加，康复的新冠患者的唾液IgG水平高于未感染过新冠的疫苗接种后个体。ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1接种方案在唾液IgG水平与持久性之间显示出更好的相关性。这些发现凸显了开发口服或鼻内疫苗以诱导更强黏膜免疫的重要性。
