Shimp Lora, Ghosh Raj Shankar, Elkes Katharine
JSI Research and Training Institute, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
Public Health Consultant, Delhi 201301, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Apr 4;11(4):790. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040790.
Countries around the world established immunization programs over 40 years ago to reach all infants. The maturity of these preventive health programs offers some useful learning on the importance of, and components needed for, population-based services to reach all communities. A public health success, ensuring equity in immunization, requires a multi-faceted approach that includes sustained government and partner commitment and human, financial, and program operational resources. Evidence from India's Universal Immunization Program (UIP) across stabilizing vaccine supply and services, enhancing access, and generating demand for vaccines in the community provides a useful case study. The political leadership in India took advantage of the two decades of learning from polio eradication and focused initiatives, such as the National Health Mission and Intensified Mission Indradhanush, to reach populations with immunization services. With a goal of leaving no one behind, India's UIP and partners are bringing essential rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines nationwide, upgrading vaccine cold chain and supply systems with technologies, such as the electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN), and optimizing funding for local needs through the Program Implementation Plan (PIP) budgetary processes and building health worker capacities through training, awareness, and e-learning.
40多年前，世界各国就建立了免疫规划，以覆盖所有婴儿。这些预防性健康计划的成熟，为基于人群的服务覆盖所有社区的重要性及所需组成部分提供了一些有益经验。确保免疫公平这一公共卫生领域的成功，需要多方面的方法，包括政府和合作伙伴的持续承诺以及人力、财力和项目运营资源。印度的通用免疫计划（UIP）在稳定疫苗供应和服务、增加可及性以及在社区激发疫苗需求方面的经验，提供了一个有益的案例研究。印度的政治领导层利用了从根除脊髓灰质炎工作中积累的二十年经验以及诸如国家卫生使命和强化的“印度色彩行动”等重点举措，为民众提供免疫服务。以不让任何人掉队为目标，印度的通用免疫计划及其合作伙伴正在全国范围内推广基本的轮状病毒疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗，利用电子疫苗智能网络（eVIN）等技术升级疫苗冷链和供应系统，并通过项目实施计划（PIP）预算流程优化地方资金需求，同时通过培训、宣传和电子学习来建设卫生工作者的能力。
