Kumar Pawan, Chakraborty Ashish Birendra, Dhandore Suhas, Dhalaria Pritu, Singh Ajeet Kumar, Agarwal Disha, Singh Kapil, Priyadarshini Pretty, Jain Paras, Bahl Vidushi, Taneja Gunjan
Immunization Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi 110011, India.
Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi 110070, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 28;11(12):1776. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121776.
The COVID-19 pandemic posed substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally and severely disrupted essential health services, including routine immunization programs. In India, these disruptions were exacerbated due to the sudden emergence of the pandemic and lockdown measures, leading to mass migrations and a shortage of healthcare workers. Caregivers' concerns about routine immunization sessions further compounded the problem, resulting in a sharp increase in zero-dose children. This review paper examines India's strategies for conducting one of the world's largest COVID-19 vaccination programs while effectively restoring and perpetuating its Universal Immunization Program (UIP). The UIP played a pivotal role in sustaining immunization services during the pandemic, ultimately improving immunization coverage compared to pre-pandemic levels. India's accomplishments in this regard are highlighted through key performance indicators, the reach of immunization services, a reduction in zero-dose children, and antigen-wise coverage. The paper also discusses the successful integration of COVID-19 vaccination within the UIP framework, underscoring the significance of existing infrastructure, technology, and capacity building. India's dedication to concurrently managing routine immunization and COVID-19 vaccination showcases the adaptability and resilience of its healthcare system. India's journey serves as a global example of efficient mass immunization during challenging times, emphasizing the importance of political will, healthcare infrastructure investment, skilled healthcare workforces, and comprehensive vaccination programs. In a world grappling with the dual challenge of COVID-19 and routine immunization, India's experience provides a roadmap for strengthening healthcare systems and promoting public health as the critical agenda in challenging times.
新冠疫情给全球医疗系统带来了巨大挑战，严重扰乱了包括常规免疫规划在内的基本卫生服务。在印度，由于疫情的突然爆发和封锁措施，这些干扰进一步加剧，导致大规模人口迁移和医护人员短缺。护理人员对常规免疫接种的担忧使问题更加复杂，导致零剂次儿童数量急剧增加。这篇综述文章审视了印度在开展全球最大规模新冠疫苗接种计划之一的同时，有效恢复并持续推进其全民免疫规划（UIP）的策略。全民免疫规划在疫情期间维持免疫服务方面发挥了关键作用，最终与疫情前水平相比提高了免疫覆盖率。印度在这方面的成就通过关键绩效指标、免疫服务覆盖范围、零剂次儿童数量的减少以及按抗原划分的覆盖率得以凸显。本文还讨论了在全民免疫规划框架内成功整合新冠疫苗接种的情况，强调了现有基础设施、技术和能力建设的重要性。印度致力于同时管理常规免疫和新冠疫苗接种，展现了其医疗系统的适应性和韧性。印度的历程成为艰难时期高效大规模免疫的全球典范，强调了政治意愿、医疗基础设施投资、熟练医护人员队伍以及全面疫苗接种计划的重要性。在一个应对新冠疫情和常规免疫双重挑战的世界里，印度的经验为加强医疗系统和在艰难时期将促进公共卫生作为关键议程提供了路线图。
